Truth and Reconciliation

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Truth and Reconciliation
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South Africa and Rwanda

• 1994 Hutus kill Tutsis
• Gacaca Courts truth over punishment (except for
  leaders)

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Britain

• 1) The Troubles approx. 3,500 killed (1,857
  civilians)
• Irish Republican Army and Sinn Fein
• Bloody Sunday 30 January 1972 26 civil-rights
  protestors shot by British soldiers
• 2010 Saville Inquiry unjustified and
  unjustifiable possible criminal investigation
• 1981 prison hunger strikes Bobby Sands (elected
  MP, died of starvation)
• 1998 Good Friday Agreement? shift power in
  Northern Ireland to locals
• 2007 elections Sinn Fein and Democratic Unionist
  Party form coalition govt, British troops end
  occupation
• 2009 truth and reconciliation commission
  w/lenient sentences for crimes associated with
  Troubles
• 2) 2009-2011 Iraq Inquiry
• Wikileaks release cable John Day British
  defense dept. official also promised that the UK
  had "put measures in place to protect your
  interests" during the UK inquiry into the causes
  of the Iraq war. He noted that Iraq seems no
  longer to be a major issue in the U.S., but he
  said it would become a big issue -- a "feeding
  frenzy" -- in the UK "when the inquiry takes
  off."

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China

• Tiananmen Square Protests, 1989
• Death of Hu Yaobang (Party Secretary until
  student protests 1987? steps down headed
  economic political reforms of Deng in 1980s)
  political corruption economic problems
  (inflation) collapse communism East Europe?
  protests calling for economic political
  liberalization
• Party freezes is this what Deng wants? (Deng had
  resigned leadership by committee Zhao Ziyang
  backed protestors against Politburo)
• June 4th Incident? PLA units move in (Tank
  Man)
• May 35th Incidents

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Google Image Search tiananmen square
protests China Britain
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Mexico

• 1) 1968 student uprisings around the world
  (Paris)
• Summer Olympics in Mexico City opening up of
  Mexico under PRI? 10,000 students organize at
  Tlatelolco Plaza (after earlier protests
  violence)
• Oct 2? military moves in? sniper kills general?
  massacre
• Election of Vincente Fox? serious investigation
  prosecutions reveals Mexican govt snipers
  killed the general
• Minor support by US for Mexican govt in crack
  down
• 2) Zapatistas 1994 war against Mexican state,
  corporate intrusions into Chiapas (NAFTA small
  corn farmers put out of business),
  marginalization of indigenous
• Subcommandante Marcos
• Zapatistas IRA PRD Sinn Fein

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Nigeria

• 1992 Ogonis, led by Ken Saro Wiwa, demand
  royalty payments for oil (10 billion)? violence
• 1994 crackdown? 2,000 civilian deaths, 100,000
  displaced people execution Ogoni Nine
• Shell paid Nigerian military to shut down
  protests (2002 class action lawsuit filed
  accusations of Chevron playing similar role)
• 2000 Niger Delta Development Commission to build
  up the region
• 2008-9 Crackdown June 2009 amnesty for those who
  surrendered their weapons

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Russia

• Khruschevs 1956 Secret Speech anti-Stalin
  cult of personality crimes Gulag Archipelago
• Putin rebuilding Stalins reputation
• Chechnya widespread human rights violations
  during series of wars 1990s-2000s murder of
  reporters with trial of killers (stooges)