Rural Development in Spain

1
Rural Development in Spain

• Miguel Setuain
• Resident Twinning Advisor

2
Rural Development Keys of succes in the
Spanish regions

• from the beginning, the bet was made on a
  integral, endogenous and participative
  development with a territorial basis, not a
  sectorial basis.
• .the Programs of Rural Development are defined
  and executed on homogenous rural spaces where the
  agents that are sharing the solidarity must
  confront common challenges and problems.
• the level of consolidation of the local fact,
  the social cohesion, the values constitute
  without any doubt key elements for the
  effectiveness of the designed policies.

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Rural DevelopmentKeys of succes in the Spanish
regions

• The introduction of a method, and the proactive
  attitude that reflects the application of the
  strategic planning in the formulation of the
  policies from the beginning of the 90s to present
  days
• The approval in the regional Parliament of the
  Law of Rural Development, like political element
  that gives the legal force and the legal
  endorsement of the policies and the programs of
  rural development beyond the social legitimacy .
• A wide institutional framework for the rural
  development prepared to act with an integral
  vision of the territory

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SPAIN

• Mixing
• Horizontal programmes
• Regional Programmes

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Overwiew of programme architecture 2000 - 2006
Type of programme Financed by Programmes concerned
Rural Development Programmes EAGGF- Guarantee Section 2 national (supporting measures, improving structures) 7 regional (Navarre, Basque Country, Rioja, Aragon, Catalonia, Madrid and Balearis Islands)
Operational Programmes EAGGF- Guidance Section 2 national (supporting measures, technical assistance) 10 regional (Galicia, Asturias, Castilla-Leon, Castilla la Mancha, Extremadura, Andalusia, Murcia, Valencia and Canary Islands)
Leader Programmes EAGGF- Guidance 1 national 17 regional
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Horizontal programmes

• What are the priorities?
• Four main priorities have been set up for the
  horizontal programmes
• to rationalize the input by reducing the use of
  pesticides and irrigation water, by a more
  integrated management of the holdings, etc.
• to improve the viability of the agricultural
  holdings, by encouraging sustainable and
  environmental-friendly farming, diversifying the
  production, etc.
• to reorganize the productive sector,
• to improve the quality of life and the
  protection of the natural environment

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In addition to the horizontal programs, each
Autonomous Community has designed a Regional
Development Plan, taking into account the
specific needs and priorities of the region.
REGIONAL PROGRAMSRural development at regional
level
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Each plan includes a selection of measures, in
line with the Council Regulations (I)

• development and improvement of infrastructure
  connected with the development of agriculture
• encouragement for tourist and craft activities
• protection of the environment in connection with
  agriculture, forestry and landscape conservation
  as well as with the improvement of animal welfare
• restoring agricultural production potential
  damaged by natural disasters and introducing the
  appropriate prevention instruments
• financial engineering
• diversification of agricultural activities and
  activities close to agriculture to provide
  multiple activities or alternative incomes
• agricultural water resources management

-
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Each plan includes a selection of measures, in
line with the Council Regulations (II)

• Training
• Improving processing and marketing of
  agricultural products
• Forestry measures (on non-agricultural land)
• Promoting the adaptation and development of rural
  areas (art 33)
• Land improvement
• Re parceling
• Setting-up of farm relief and farm management
  services
• Marketing of quality agricultural products
• Basic services for the rural economy and
  population
• Renovation and development of villages and
  protection and conservation of the rural Heritage

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The Regional Plans

• Aims the triple dimension of the rural
  development
• Economic dimension adaptation, maintenance and
  creation of employment
• Socio cultural dimension strengthening the
  social cohesion and valuation of the cultural
  patrimony
• Environmental dimension conservation and
  renovation of the available natural resources

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Important

• to keep in mind that the horizontal and regional
  programmes go together.
• Whereas the horizontal programmes constitutes the
  main body of support, and address the big
  structural difficulties within the agrarian
  sector, the regional programmes add to this the
  specific support designed for the unique,
  particular situation of each and every Autonomous
  Community.

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AXES

• Improvement of the competitiveness and
  development of the productive sector
• Information Society
• Environment, Habitat and Hidric Resources
• Human Resources development, Employment equality
  of opportunities
• Local and urban development
• Transport and Energy networks
• Agriculture and Rural Development

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• ERDF

• support to industrial companies and services,
• development, promotion and services to tourism
  companies,
• water supplies,
• waste management,
• protection and regeneration of the natural
  surroundings,
• infrastructures and equipment for urban and rural
  municipalities, conservation and rehabilitation
  of social, sanitary, sport and artistic/cultural
  patrimony, equipment of leisure, creation of the
  information society, ports, highways, energy, etc.

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ESF

• creation of employment,
• labor insertion of young people and women,
• fight against the horizontal and vertical
  segregation as well as the wage/salaried
  discrimination
• to favor to the conciliation of the laboral and
  familial life
• opportunities of employment for the groups with
  an exclusion risk

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The Community Initiative Leader is a complement
to the mainstreaming programming. It aims at
developing integrated cross-sector strategies for
rural areas, which seek to exploit all the
potential of the local economy. The local
population is actively involved to elaborate
and carry out the strategies and to participate
in Local Action Groups (LAGs), with equal
representation from the public and private
sector. The initiative also encourages
co-operation and networking between rural
areas In Spain was created by many regions
complementary programs called PRODER to cover
areas and measures not covered by LEADER or
LEADER. The idea was a big success allowing to
expand the LEADER approach in new rural areas.
Leader
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• National Strategic
• Reference Framework
• 2007-2013

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Art.25 General Regulation

• The Member State shall present a national
  strategic reference framework which ensures that
  assistance from the Funds is consistent with the
  Community Strategic Guidelines on cohesion, and
  which identifies the link between Community
  priorities on the one hand and the national
  reform programme, on the other hand.
• Each national strategic reference framework shall
  constitute a reference instrument for preparing
  the programming of the Funds.
• The national strategic reference framework will
  apply to the "Convergence" Objective and the
  "Regional Competitiveness and Employment"
  Objective. It may also, if a Member State so
  decides, apply to the "European Territorial
  Co-operation" Objective, without prejudice to the
  future choices of other Member States concerned

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Art.25 General Regulation

• The national strategic reference framework shall
  contain the following elements
• An analysis of development disparities,
  weaknesses and potential, taking into account
  trends in the European and world economy
• The strategy chosen on the basis of this
  analysis, including the thematic and territorial
  priorities. Where appropriate these priorities
  shall include actions relating to sustainable
  urban development , the diversification of rural
  economies and areas dependent on fisheries
• The list of operational programmes for the
  Convergence and Regional Competitiveness and
  Employment objectives

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Art.25 General Regulation

• A description of how the expenditure for
  Convergence and Regional Competitiveness and
  Employment Objectives shall contribute to the EU
  priorities of promoting competitiveness and
  creating jobs, including meeting the objectives
  of the Integrated Guidelines for Growth and Jobs
  2005-2008 as laid down in Art 8 (2 bis)
• The indicative annual allocation from each Fund
  by programme
• For regions of the Convergence objective only
  the action envisaged for reinforcing the Member
  States administrative efficiency the amount of
  the total annual appropriation provided for under
  the EAFRD and the EFF the information required
  for ex-ante verification of compliance with the
  additionality principle referred to in Art 13

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• Art. 25 General Regulation

The national strategic reference framework may
also contain, where relevant (a) the procedure
for co-ordination between Community cohesion
policy and the relevant national, sectoral and
regional policies of the Member State concerned
(b) the mechanisms for ensuring co-ordination
between the operational programmes and the
assistance from the Funds, the EAFRD, the EFF,
and the interventions of the EIB and of other
existing financial instruments
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NSFR and NRP

• Correspondences were identified among the axes of
  the NRP and the NSFR
• New actions to be financed are developed under
  the SF in relation with the specific priorities
  and measures of the NRP
• Lisbon and Cohesion have common points but are
  not the same. Special emphasis will be put on the
  links to those 2 strategies, with the differences
  among the 2 strategies and trying to offer
  additional financing lines for some of the NRP
  measures

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Focus over Lisbon objectives

• The strategic guidelines have an obvious
  orientation through Lisbon objectives. As long as
  the NSFR will have to follow the Strategic
  Guidelines this concentration will be ensured
• For the programming process, work in on progress
  on establishing some Lisbon indicators. It is
  needed to transform the national objectives into
  regional objectives
• The next base for 2007 Funds, the Lisbon
  indicators will be established at the regional
  level

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• RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SPAIN
• EU FUNDS COORDINATION
• INTERMINISTRY COMMITTEE OF EU FUNDING

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COORDINATION BETWEEN PROGRAMSSectorial Commitees
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Planning Spain NSRFEDRF (Convergence)

• Axe 1 Development of Knowledge Society (IDI,
  Information Society and ICT)
• Axe 2 Development and enterprise innovation
• Axe 3 Environment, Natural, Hydraulic Resources
  and risk prevention
• Axe 4 Transport and energy
• Axe 5 Local and Urban sustainable development
• Axe 6 Social Infrastructures
• Axe 7 Technical Assistance and institutional
  capacity support

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Planning NSRFERDF (Competitivenness)

• Axe 1 Knowledge and Innovation and
  entrepreneurial development
• Axe 2 Environment, and risk preventions
• Axe 3 Accessibility to the networks and
  transport services and telecommunications
• Axe 4Local and Urban sustainable development
• Axe 5 Technical Assistance

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Planning the NSRF

• The names and the number of axes can change
• Financial weight of each axis change in relation
  with the current period.

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Rural Development 2007-2013

• SPAIN

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Reg. (ECE) 1698/2005, related to the support
for Rural Development through EFRD
Communitary Strategical Guidelines
National Framework
National Strategic Plan
Cataluna Extremadura Galicia Madrid Murcia Navarr
a La Rioja Comunidad Valenciana Pais Vasco
Regional Programmes Andalucia Aragon Asturias B
aleares Canarias Cantabria Castilla
Leon Castilla la Mancha
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Programming

• National framework
• Elaborate after the ENP
• Approved by EC Decision
• Content common elements for the regional
  programs horizontal measures and general
  criteria , very basic
• Regional programs
• Elaborate after the national Framework
• Approved by EC Decision
• 17 Regional Programs, one for each Autonomous
  Community
• Content
• evaluation a priori
• Justification of the priorities
• Axes, measures by axe, objectives and indicators
• Financial framework of the FEADER contribution,
  national contribution and contribution by axe
• Control, Monitoring and Evaluation mechanism
• Application of the LEADER approach
• Ways to give publicity to the Program

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National Strategic Plan1a. General content

• General analyse of the environmental and
  socioeconomic situation.
• General strategy of rural development,
  translation of the EC priorities included in the
  community directrices to the national level
• Strategy by axes including objectives and common
  indicators to be used in the programming
  exercise.

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National Strategic Plan (NSP)1b. General content.

• The rural development programs (in the case of
  Spain 17 regional programs) and the indicative
  allocation of funds, including the amounts to
  achieve convergence (in Spain for the Autonomous
  Communities of Andalucía, Castilla - La Mancha,
  Extremadura y Galicia)
• External and internal consistency of the NSP,
  complementarities with other EU financial
  instruments
• Funds and setting up of the National Rural Network

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Proposal of Horizontal Measures.

• Regulation 1698/05, the EC guidance document and
  the guide for the NSP allow the existence of
  regional and horizontal measures

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Regulation structures
for the measures - 3 thematic axes

• Axis 1 Improving the competitiveness of the
  agricultural and forestry sector
• Axis 2 Improving the environment and the country
  side
• Axis 3 the quality of life in rural areas and
  diversification of the rural economy

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Proposal of horizontal measuresaxis 1

• Setting up of young farmers
• Modernizing the holdings direct help and loan
  lines
• Management of the hydraulic resources more
  rational use of water resources in order to
  fulfill the Water Directive Framework demands
• Increase the added value of the agricultural and
  forestry products

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Proposal of horizontal measuresaxis 2

• Agro environmental contract will simplify the
  rural development, facilitate the administrative
  management, and the improvement of the
  environment connected with the agriculture. (Some
  general criteria are established for all the
  territory. At a national level, awards in
  monetary incentives, for the lagging development
  regions and Supplementary help for regions of the
  Natura Network)
• Ecological agri - food stuff, integrated and
  extensive agro systems
• Dryness and prevention of forest fires

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Proposal for Horizontal MeasuresAgroenvironmental
Covenant

• 1. Agroenviromental measures
• .
• 2. .
• 2. livestock welfare
• .
• 2. .
• 3. Network Natura 2000
• .
• 2. .
• 4. Zones with natural difficulties
• .
• 2. .
• TOTAL ...

• Horizontal criteria
• Autonomous Community criteria

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Proposal of Horizontal MeasuresLEADER approach

• Management, through Local Action Group of 10 of
  the programme financing
• It is up to the Autonomous Community to increase
  this percentage
• Defined (within the National Framework) the
  composition of the Groups including also the
  agricultural associations

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The National Framework

• Must include also the basic characteristics of
  the rest of the rural development programming not
  included inside the horizontal measures and also
  the percentage of co financing FEADER, General
  Administration, and The Autonomous Community for
  each one of the measures

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The National Framework

• Monitoring Committee structured as a plenary
  assembly and made of by specific working groups,
  according to geographic criteria, for the
  convergence regions and regions not included in
  the convergence objective and according to
  horizontal measures, and another one by the
  measure established within the national Framework

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CANTABRIA

• Surface 5 231 km² (1 of the country surface)
• Number of inhabitants 530 000 (101inh/km²)
• 3 arable land
• Land use 27 meadows and pastures
• 52 wooded area
• Most important products Milk and dairy products

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CANTABRIA

• UAA (used agricultural area) 159 000 ha
• No of agricultural holdings 16 400
• Average size of holdings 13 ha
• Agric. area in less favored Area 78
• Agric. area in Mountain area 78
• Irrigation is of minor importance 2 600 ha (of
  which 89 with sprinkler system)
• Organic farming 842 ha - 62 producers and
  processors

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CANTABRIA

• farm holders younger than 35 years 9
• farm holders older than 55 years 52
• How many women among farm holders? 36
• Final agrarian production livestock farming
  represents 88
• Forest fires yearly average 1991-99 333 fires,
  covering 3 800 ha
• Natura 2000 18 sites 118 700 ha (23 of total
  surface)
• National Parks Part of Picos de Europa, 15 200
  ha (total area is 64.660 ha,
• located also in Castile-Leon and Asturias)
• Nitrates Directive (no vulnerable areas)

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CANTABRIA
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FINANCING RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CANTABRIA
EU FUNDS (FEOGA) 35
CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION (MAPA) 48,75
A.C. of CANTABRIA (Consejería de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca) 8,12
Local entities 8,12
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Local Action Groups

• Non profit entity made of a group of public
  entities (mainly city halls) and social
  organizations rooted at the local level

49
Requirements for the selection of Local
Action Groups to implement a rural program for
economic diversification

• To be constituted as a group with juridical
  personality, whose final aim is the application
  of a development strategy for a specific territory

50
Local Action Group

• Composition public or/and private institutions
  acting regularly in the territory and ensuring a
  high level of participation of the people of that
  area, allowing them to take decisions together
  with the administration (at least 50 of the
  members of the decisional bodies in the Local
  Action Group must be representatives of the
  socioeconomic field or associations)

51
Local Action Group

• The territory where the Local Action Group act
  must be wider that the municipality area, must
  have a geographic continuity, including at least
  10.000 inhabitants and must be uniform in their
  physical economic and sociological characteristics

52
The characteristics of the projects to be
financed

• Basic requirements
• To contribute at the local development, through
  the guidelines of the strategy of the sub
  regional development plan

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SELECTION PROCESS

• Each Sub regional Plan includes a selection
  procedure an evaluation grid - which can be
  consulted by all the applicants
• Each program has particular characteristics
• LEADER PLUS focus on the innovation actions
• PRODERCAN projects addressed to the socio rural
  aspects and economic aspects

54
CO FINANCING

• The amount to be co financed is established by
  LAG, in concordance with the approved evaluation
  grid the maximum could be 100 for non profit
  generating investments
• For profit generating investments the amount
  depends on the sector and the type of investments
  (e.g. max. 50 for production, transformation of
  the agrarian products, max. 20 rural tourism,
  etc)

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Potential BENEFICIARIES

• All the local promoters that are contributing to
  the local development individuals, companies,
  associations, city halls, city halls networks,
  other public or private entities, etc.

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EAFRDEuropean Agricultural Fund for Rural
Development

• Some data and conclusions

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Budget

• 3 / 2 660 Mil Euros for LEADER
• 0.3 / 270 Mil Euros Technical assistance

Mil EUROS 2004 Mil EUROS 2007 2013
Total funds Guarantee Guidance LEADER 88.75 56.0 31.0 1.5
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EU Co Financing

• Axis 1 si 3 maximum 50 (75 regions
  Convergence Objective)
• Axis 2 si 4 maximum 55 (80 regions
  Convergence Objective)
• 5 additional for ultraperiferical regions
• Min. 20 per axis

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Conclusions

• An unique and a simpler, coherent framework for
  the rural development
• Focused on the recognized priorities of the UE
• A larger flexibility of programming for the
  Member State
• More responsibility at the regional, national and
  communitarian level in relation with the obtained
  results

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General Aspects

• POSITIVES
• to gather the learning and the experience of the
  LEADER model
• The creation of an unique instrument of financing
  and programming, the Agricultural European Fund
  of Rural Development with a larger budget.
• NEGATIVES
• lack of territorial focus
• it continues to excessively link agriculture with
  the rural development.

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POSITIVE

• The establishment of three high-priority axes,
  financed with a minimum percentage of the global
  budget (Art.16).
• The allocation of a minimum of 7 of the budget
  for measures executed through LEADER (Art. 66)
  and the award of 3 for a good management (Art.
  92).
• The proposal of a level of comunity co financing
  for the conservation of the environment through
  LEADER (Art. 71).

62
POSITIVE

• The definition, although rather concise, of the
  specific characteristics of LEADER approach (Art.
  60).
• The recommendation of Art. 58 for the measures
  anticipated inside the axis on Improvement of the
  quality of life and diversification (Art 49) are
  preferably executed through the strategies of
  local development (by means of LEADER approach or
  through territorial organizations in a narrow
  collaboration with national, regional and local
  organizations)

63
POSITIVE

• The fact that the LEADER approach can be used not
  only on the 3rd axis (Art 62.a)
• the recognition in Art. 61 of the fact that the
  Groups for Local Action are the LEADER Groups
• the recognition, in that same art. 61, that those
  Groups are the ones which will make the selection
  of the local projects/ cooperation projects of
  (ínter territorial and transnational)
• The financing of an European Network of Rural
  Development (Observatory) and National Networks
  (Art 68)

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POSITIVE

• The decision to elaborate a community strategy of
  rural development with a greater emphasis on the
  priorities of the UE, articulated with the
  national and regional priorities through the
  national strategic plans of rural development
  (Articles 9-13)
• the recommendation on which the main actors of
  the rural territories (the rural stakeholders)
  must participate and have a more important role
  in the design, the execution and the evaluation
  of the programs from its territories at all the
  levels (Art. 6).

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NEGATIVE

• Inside the Regulation there is no particularly
  specification related to the capacity that must
  have the UE in order to force to the fulfillment
  of the priorities of the Rural Development
  policy, reason why the Members States could not
  take fulfill the European strategy of Rural
  Development
• the Members States are not stimulated to adopt
  the principles of LEADER inside other axes, it is
  only recommended.
• It is not guaranteed that the new MS would obtain
  a complete training on the practical experience
  of LEADER approach, neither of a strategy with a
  territorial view, nor of the application of
  "mainstreaming" of LEADER.

66
NEGATIVE

• An organized civil society is key for the success
  of the policies of rural development, reason why
  the funds for the efficiency of those
  organizations and the acquisition of operational
  competences would be more and more needed for the
  new MS.
• The measures anticipated on the axis 3 -
  Improvement of the quality of life and
  Diversification (Art 49) must be executed
  preferably through local strategies according to
  LEADER territorial approach
• A system of qualification, certification and
  recognition of the Groups Local Action is needed
  to be created for the preparation of the
  execution of thee measures in all the axes
  according to the principles of Article 61

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NEGATIVE

• In all the axes executed through LEADER approach,
  the measures would have also to benefit from a
  greater level of co financing by the UE and of
  the reserve fund
• The list of specific characteristics of the
  LEADER approach does not include the
  decentralized financing
• The strategic community plans, as well as the
  national, regional and the local ones must become
  tools that independently articulate the set of
  the development actions of the territory,
  independent on its financing
• The diversification measures must also
  contemplate not only to the micro companies but
  to the a small companies and cooperatives,
  essential for this strategy

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IT THIS A TRUE EUROPEAN RURAL POLICY?

• A REGULATION OF AGRARIAN DEVELOPMENT MORE THAN OF
  RURAL DEVELOPMENT
• The CAP CONTINUES BEING BASED ON SUBSIDIES, NOT
  ON THE SUPPORT TO INVESTMENTS.
• IT LACKS AN INTEGRAL VISION OF THE TERRITORY

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ELEMENTS OF A TRUE RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY

• RURAL SOCIAL DINAMIZATION Human capital and
  Governance
• ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION Agrarian policy,
  Forests policy, Environmental policy, Tourism
  policy, Employment Policy, Welfare Policy,
  Cultural and Educative Policy.
• TERRITORIAL BALANCE Rural infrastructures
• A INTERDEPARTMENTAL AGENCY
• SUPPORT To the RURAL ASSOCIATIVE MOVEMENT

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ATTITUDE OF THE RURAL ACTORS

• OPTIMISM IN FRONT OF DIFFICULTIES
• WILL OF INTEGRATION BETWEEN ALL THE RURAL ACTORS
• TO AVOID RURAL VERSUS URBAN

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miguel.setuain_at_adrvest.roResident Twinning
AdvisorADR Vest / SODERCAN

• Va multumesc!