The Learner: Pre-instruction Considerations

1
The Learner Pre-instruction Considerations

• Chapter 6

2
Learning Styles

• Individual preference for receiving and
  processing new information
• Greater achievement when instructional and
  learning styles match
• Dunn and Dunns model (1975)
• Global vs. analytical learners

3
Perceptual Mode

• Modal strength
• Preferred perceptual mode through which a learner
  takes in and processes information
• Four perceptual modes
• Visual
• Kinesthetic
• Analytical
• Auditory

4
Examples of Cue Words and Strategies
5
Accommodating Learners Style

• Utilizing only one presentation style denies
  learners comparable opportunities to understand
  the information presented
• Know your learning style tends to influence
  teaching style
• Use eclectic approach when working with groups

6
Transfer

• When the learning of a new skill or its
  performance under novel conditions is influenced
  by past experience with another skill or skills

7
Types of Transfer

• Positive
• Facilitates
• Negative
• Hinders
• Zero
• No effect

8
Theories of Transfer

• Identical elements theory
• The more identical elements shared by two skills,
  the greater the positive transfer from one to the
  other
• Transfer appropriate processing theory
• Positive transfer would be expected when practice
  conditions require learners to engage in
  problem-solving processes similar to those
  experienced during the criterion task

9
Fostering Positive Transfer

• Analyze the skill
• Examine the following to determine the degree of
  similarity between 2 skills
• Fundamental movement pattern
• The strategic and conceptual aspects of the game
  or task
• Perceptual elements
• Temporal and spatial elements

10
Fostering Positive Transfer Cont.

1. Determine the cost-benefit tradeoff
2. Get to know the learner
3. Point out similarities and differences
4. Make sure that skills referred to have been well
   learned

11
Fostering Positive Transfer Cont.

1. Use analogies
2. Maximize similarities between practice and
   performance/competition
3. Consider the skill level of the learner

12
Motivation

• An internal condition that incites and directs
  action or behavior
• Individuals must be motivated to learn
• Explain why it is important to learn the skill
• Create a positive, supportive learning
  environment that is challenging yet realistic
• Provide opportunities for success