Ch 14 Sec. 2 Empire Building in Africa

1
Ch 14 Sec. 2 Empire Building in
Africa
2
Africa

• Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy,
  Spain, and Portugal will place virtually all of
  Africa under European rule.
• They begin setting up colonies and markets for
  goods.
• (Rubber, gold, tin, oil, palm oil, lumber, coal)

3
(No Transcript)
4
West Africa

• Europeans did not hesitate to deceive Africans in
  order to get their land and natural resources.
• West Africa was particularly affected by the
  slave trade but by the 1890s slavery was
  abolished in all the major countries of the
  world.
• In 1874 Great Britain annexed (incorporated a
  country within a state) the west coastal states
  as the 1st British colony of Gold Coast.

5
Advances help Europeans grab land in Africa

• -Steamships can travel up rivers and to the
  interior of Africa
• Discovery of quinine helps defeat malaria
• Advances in weapons allow few Europeans to
  control an area
• Telegraph and Railroads allows for better spread
  of information and goods

6
North Africa

• Egypt used to be apart of the Ottoman Empire
• Egypt gained their own independence
• Their leader is Muhammad Ali- tries to modernize
  Egypt
• With the help of the British and French they
  build the Suez canal (1869), The British then
  make moves to take over Egypt. They want the Suez
  canal to get closer to India.

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
North Africa

• Great Britain bought Egypts share in the Suez
  Canal.
• Britain suppressed an 1881 revolt against foreign
  influence, and Egypt became a British
  protectorate in 1915.

10
(No Transcript)
11
Cecil Rhodes

• was a British-born South African businessman,
  mining magnate, and politician.
• He was the founder of the diamond company De
  Beers, which today controls 60 of the world's
  diamonds and at one time controlled 90 of the
  world's diamonds.
• "all of these stars... these vast worlds that
  remain out of reach. If I could, I would annex
  other planets".

12
(No Transcript)
13
Cecil Rhodes

• Rhodes directed British Policy in South Africa in
  the 1880s.
• He named the territory north of the Transvaal
  Rhodesia, after himself.

14
North Africa

• The French take over Algeria, Morocco, and
  Tunisia
• Italy gets kicked out of Ethiopia.Only European
  nation to successfully repeal European
  imperialism.

15
Central Africa

• Central Africa was first traveled by David
  Livingstone. For 30 years he trekked through
  uncharted regions.
• When Livingstone disappeared, A newspaper sent
  Henry Stanley to find him. Finds him at Lake
  Tanganyika.
• Mr. Livingstone, I presume?

16
(No Transcript)
17

• Livingstone was the first European to travel to
  the mouth of the Zambezi River and named
  Victoria Falls after the British Queen.
• Livingstones primary goal was to find a
  navigable river that would open the center of
  Africa to European commerce.

18
Central Africa

• King Leopold II was the real driving force behind
  the colonization of Central Africa.
• In 1876 he hired Henry Stanley to set up Belgian
  settlements in the Congo.

19
East Africa

• By 1875 Britain and Germany had become the chief
  rivals in East Africa.
• Brutal to Africans
• Germans move into most of Eastern Africa
• Bismarck had downplayed the importance of
  colonies.
• Bismarck became a convert to colonialism when
  more and more Germans called for a German Empire.

20
South Africans

• European presence in South Africa grew rapidly.
• First groups were the Boers (Means farmer in
  Dutch) or Afrikaners
• Removed many indigenous (native to a region)
  peoples
• Also the Boers battle the Zulus who were an
  indigenous people who had risen to prominence
  under their great ruler, Shaka.

21
South Africa
22
Boer War

• Dutch and British fight each other over South
  Africa. (British Win)
• Each side also fought the Zulus under the
  command of Shaka Zulu
• Shaka was called the Napoleon of Africa

23
(No Transcript)
24
South Africa

• In 1910 the British created the independent Union
  of South Africa, combining the Cape Colony and
  the Boer republics.
• This was a self-governing nation within the
  British Empire
• To appease the Boers, the policy was that only
  whites could vote.

25
Colonial Rule in Africa

• 1914- Liberia (which had been created by freed
  USA slaves) and Ethiopia were African nations
  free of European domination.
• Britain relied on existing political elites and
  institutions to govern its colonies (another
  example of indirect rule).
• Most other European governments used direct rule
  in Africa.
• The French ideal was to assimilate the African
  peoples. They did not want to preserve African
  traditions.

26
Review

• 1) What does the word annex mean?
• 2) Who was Cecil Rhodes?
• 3) Who was David Livingstone?