Voice over Internet Protocol

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Voice over Internet Protocol
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Presentation on
COE 341 Term paper presentation, T061

• Presented By
• Zuhair Khayyat
• Ahmad Al-Sharedah
• Mohammed Almohsen

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VoIP

• What is VoIP ?
• Why VoIP ?
• How it works ?

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VoIPs Outlines
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What is VoIP ?

• Simply the Future replacement of PSTN (public
  switched telephone network) .
• Voice over Internet Protocol is the transport of
  voice over IP based data networks like WAN, MAN
  and LAN.
• First implementation of transmitting voice over
  the network was in 1973 through Network Voice
  Protocol (NVP) invented for (ARPANET).
• Many vendors and technology organizations are
  involved in VoIP Technology such as Cisco,
  VocalTec, 3Com, Microsoft, USRobotics and
  NetSpeak.

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Immediate Applications

• VoIP nowadays is used in many companies to as a
  central phone system for internal communication.
• Example of VoIP Ministry of Water and
  electricity, which is located in Riyadh,
  supplied by CISCO.

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Advantages of VoIP over PSTN

• Low Cost
• More data rate, PSTN VS. VoIP
• Mobility
• Multimedia connection
• Free services including caller ID, call waiting,
  call transfer ,three-way calling.

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Types Of VoIP

• VoIP to VoIP
• computer-to-computer
• IP phones
• ATA (Analog Tel. Adaptor)
• VoIP to PSTN
• DID (Direct Inward Dialing)
• access numbers

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How it works
i- Requirements

• One of the VoIP service is Computer-to-Computer
  connection
• Software http//www.skype.com
• Microphone
• Speakers
• Sound Card
• Internet connection

ii- Components

• Call Processing Server
• User Devices
• Media/VoIP Gateways
• IP Network.

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Components
1- Call Processing Server

• It is also known as IP/PBX controls VoIP
  connections.

• Allows various configurations to be deployed
  from a single server to
• a server farm.

• Deployments are based on very standard hardware
  that is running
• specialist software applications.

• Available either on router platforms or as an
  appliance.

2- User Devices

• This component may be outer or discrete devices
• e.g. hard phones, soft phone.

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Components
3- Media/VoIP Gateways (Gatekeepers )

• They were used for call admission and control
  and also for bandwidth
• management.

• Create VoIP packets from analogue voice signal
  using CODECs

4- IP Network

• The IP network connects the, often distributed,
  elements of a
• VoIP network.

• As VoIP traffic is sensitive to delay, Quality
  of Service must be
• maintained.

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Quality and Delay
1- Call Quality

• Call quality depends on two main things
• 1- One is the provider you use for VoIP
  service.
• 2- The quality (and bandwidth) of your Internet
  connection.

2- Service Quality

• Data networks are designed to transport data
  efficiently but they could face jitter, delay,
  packet loss, data errors, bandwidth problems and
  dropped connections.

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Quality and Delay
3- Delay

• Because voice is analogue and has a continuous
  nature, digitizing can
• introduce a number of quality problems.

• Delay can be caused by a number of technical
  issues includes
• 1- Call distance and routing.
• 2- Bandwidth reliability
• 3- Data errors.

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Security Issues
1- Denial of Service
2- Theft of Service
3- Invasion of Privacy
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Drawbacks and Implementation Challenges
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• VoIP still has a few shortcomings that have led
  to believe that it is not ready for widespread
  deployment ,and Because UDP does not provide a
  mechanism to ensure that data packets are
  delivered in sequential order
• VoIP implementations face problems .
  dealing with latency, that when satellite . . .
  circuits are involved.(400 milliseconds to . .
  600 milliseconds).

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Drawbacks

• Faxes Is the difficulty in sending faxes due to
  software and networking restraints in most home
  systems.
• Internet connection The quality and overall
  reliability of the phone connection is entirely
  reliant upon the quality, reliability, and speed
  of the internet connection .

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Drawbacks

• Emergency calls
• 1- Emergency calls, cannot easily be routed
  to a nearby call center, and are impossible on
  some VoIP systems
• 2- In the event that the caller is unable to
  give an address, emergency services may be unable
  to locate them in any other way

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Future of VoIP

• VoIP 2.0 is the latest version of VoIP which
  will allow the users to advantage of more
  flexibility, customization and powerful features.
  
• Mobile VoIP.