FROM HOMER TO HERODOTUS

1
FROM HOMER TO HERODOTUS

• __________________
• FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSICAL GREECE

2
STAGES IN GREEK CIVILIZATION

• Ca. 2900-1400 BC Minoan Period
• Ca. 1600-1150 BC Mycenean Period
• Ca. 1250 BC Fall of Troy?
• Ca. 1250-1150 BC Fall of Mycenaean
  
• Empire
• Ca. 1100-750 BC Dark Ages
• Ca. 750 BC Written Greek Language
• Ca. 750 BC Homer
• Ca. 750 BC Beginnings of Greek
  
  
• 
  colonization

3
Greek Alphabet

• Ca. 8th century BC
• Adapted Phoenician Alphabet
• 23 letters16 consonants 7 vowels
• Earliest examples ca. 740 BC
• Standardized 4th century BC
• Tablets and Papyrus
• Greek word for papyrus is biblos, hence Bible

4
Map of Ancient Greece
5
Trojan War (c.1250 BC)

• Legend of Paris and Helen

6
Achilles and Patroclus
7
Achilles and Hektor

• Achilles pride
• Vengeance for Patroclus death
• Battle of heroes
• Disgracing Hectors body

8
Archaic Literature

• Epic Poetry from dark ages
• Iliad
• Odyssey
• Oral vs. written forms bardic tradition
• Written by 700 BC
• The authorship of Homer questioned

9
The Iliad and History

• Iliad as the Trojan War
• For Ancient Greeks mythos as truth
• For us myth is thought of as legend
• To the Greeks (and other ancient peoples), myths
  provide explanations (sciencebody of knowledge)
• Levels of History
• Distinctions between 800 BC- 1250 BC
• Mycenaean burial vs. archaic cremation
• Mycenaean chariots
• Temples

10
What can the Iliad reveal?

• What is the relationship between gods and
  mortals?
• What is the role of war?
• How is the battlefield managed?
• What is the status of women?
• What does this say about democracy?
• What are the values of this society?

11
Homer, The Iliad
12
Homer, The Iliad
13
VALUES AND VIRTUES IN GREEK SOCIETY

• Virtues of arete and Penelope
• Honor (timé) and Family
• Always be the best and distinguished above
  others
• Do not bring shame on the family of your
  fathers
• Bravery (agathos) expected
• Trojan War
• Olympic Games (776 BCE)

14
Values and virtues for women in Greek society

• Management of the household as wife and mother
• Helen and Paris
• Andromache and Hector
• Penelope and Odysseus
• Clytemnestra and Agamennon

15
Rise of Polis

• 8th Century BC to 5th Century BC
• Polis city (-gtpolitics)
• Corinth, Sparta, and Athens
• Monarchy, Oligarchy, and Democracy
• Tyranny
• Citizenship
• Hierarchy

16
Expansion of Greece

• Age of colonialization 750 BC to 500 BC
• Mother city (metropolis) established colonies
  under founder (oikistes) colony independent
• Major areas Black Sea, Southern Italy, Spain,
  Asia Minor, Macedonia, North Africa
• Purpose of Colonization
• Trade
• Resources
• Citizenship

17
(No Transcript)
18
Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean 750 500
B.C.
19
PANATHENAIC PRIZE AMPHORA c. 530 BC