Chapter 2B

1
Chapter 2B 3

• French, Dutch, and English Exploration and Empires

2

• The Search for the Northwest Passage
• Many explorers were
• looking for the Northwest
• Passage. What was it? P 51
• This was an all water
• route through or around
• North America.

3

• Did it exist?
• No

4

• What was built in
• modern times to travel
• from the Atlantic to
• Pacific Oceans?
• Panama Canal
• -saves 8,000 miles
• from New York City to
• San Francisco
• -opened in 1914

5

• Before the building
• of the canal, how did
• ships get from one ocean
• to another?
• They sailed around the
• southern tip of S. Amer.
• (Cape Horn)

6

• The French
• Land claimed in the
• New World for France
• was named
• New France
• Jacques Cartier
• He discovered the
• opening to the
• St Lawrence
• River

7

• What is he looking for?
• the Northwest Passage
• He explored down the
• river a long distance. He
• came across several Native
• American villages. One group
• told him about Saguenay.
• Saguenay was The Iroquois will
• tell him of a place
• far down river rich in
• gold.
• People hopped on one
• foot or flew like bats.

8

• 4. It could be
• Cibola
• Did he find it?
• No
• 6. Importance?
• He claims land along
• the St. Lawrence which
• begins New France.

9

• Samuel de Champlain
• Importance?
• He brought the first
• French settlers to
• America.
• -At first they settled in
• what is today Maine,
• then moved Northward.

10

• 2. First French settlements
• in America
• Port Royal, Nova
• Scotia
• Quebec, began as
• a trading post.

11

• What fur trading
• center will become the
• capital of New France?
• Quebec
• Champlain is known
• as
• The Father of
• New France

12

• Why does he deserve
• such a title?
• Establishing settlements
• a population gave
• France a foothold in the
• New World.

13

• Father Jacques
• Marquette and Louis
• Joliet
• Explored?
• From the Great
• Lakes along the
• Mississippi River
• Valley

14

• Looking for?
• Northwest Passage
• Did they explore
• all the way to the
• Gulf of Mexico?
• No
• 700 miles were
• explored.

15

• Joliet and Marquette
• are known as
• the discoverers of
• Illinois.
• 5. Date 1673

16

• Robert LaSalle
• What did he explore?
• LaSalle traveled
• from the L. Michigan,
• along the Illinois R.
• to the Mississippi
• River Valley down to
• the Gulf of Mexico

17

• How does his exploration
• differ from Joliet and
• Marquettes? Joliet and
• Marquette
• traveled along
• the Miss. R.
• 3/4ths way to
• the Gulf of
• Mexico

18

• They traveled through
• Western edge of Illinois.
• LaSalle went along the
• Illinois Kankakee
• Rivers to the Miss.
• River. He traveled all
• the way to the Gulf of
• Mexico.

19

• What does LaSalle
• Claim for France?
• All land watered by the
• Mississippi River and
• its tributaries.
• He calls it
• Louisiana
• (honors King Louis XIV)

20

• Did Robert LaSalle
• explore in what is
• today Illinois?
• Yes and also
• Kankakee Co.

21

• Major Ways of Making
• a Living in New France
• The main way was
• fur trapping and
• trading.
• Coureurs de bois
• means
• runners of the
• woods
• (French fur trapper)

22

• Life of a fur trapper
• -Lived in the wilderness
• -Often learned to survive in the
  wilderness
• from the Native Amers.
• -Many had Indian wives
• would live with the
• Native Americans for
• parts of the year.
• -Left early fall for trapping
• grounds returned in the
• spring.

23

• Rendezvous
• was a meeting of fur
• trappers and traders
• Purposes of the
• rendezvous
• sell furs
• buy supplies
• socialize

24

• G. Despite efforts by the
• French government,
• population grew slowly.
• One-third of the population
• were farmers mostly farming
• along
• St. Lawrence River,
• Canada

25

• Why did French
• settlers prefer trapping
• to farming?
• -Fur trappers made more
• money. Certain pelts were
• in high demand in Europe.
• -Living in the wilderness,
• some trappers liked to
• live away from the eyes
• of the French govt. in Quebec.

26

• The Dutch
• Land claimed by the
• Dutch in the New World
• was called
• New Netherlands

27

• Henry Hudson claimed
• 2 areas For the Dutch
• Hudson River
• For the English
• Hudson Bay

28

• What happened to
• Hudson? While exploring
• the Hudson Bay, the
• crew mutinied.
• Hudson, his son, a
• few loyal crew were
• put on a small boat
• set adrift.

29

• Who was Peter Minuit?
• He brought the first
• Dutch settlers to America.
• Most settled along the
• Hudson River.
• What settlement
• becomes the capital
• of New Netherlands?
• New Amsterdam

30

• Today it would be
• the city of
• New York City

31

• How did Minuit
• obtain Manhattan
• island for the Dutch?
• The Dutch purchased
• Manhattan from the
• Native Americans for a
• few dollars worth of
• trinkets.

32

• New Netherlands
• consisted of land along
• what river?
• Hudson River

33

• How did the English
• obtain the lands of
• New Netherlands in
• 1664?
• Peter Stuyvesant p 101
• Strict Dutch governor
• of New Netherlands.
• Imposed heavy taxes Public
  punishments/
• whippings of
• lawbreakers

34

• The English appear
• English colonies will
• eventually neighbor the
• New Netherlands colony.
• In 1660s war broke out
• in Europe.
• In 1664, a fleet of Eng.
• warships appeared off
• the coast of New Amster-
• dam.

35

• English demand
• Surrender! Dutch will
• be allowed to live in peace and
• worship freely.
• Stuyvesant wanted
• to do what?
• Fight, but people did not
• support him.

36

• Outcome
• The English receives
• New Amsterdam without
• firing a shot in battle.
• New Name
• New York
• Gifts of New Netherlands
• P 83 List 3

37

• IV. An Early English Explorer
• A. Cabot explored in
• Where? P 79
• He explored along
• the Gulf of the St. Lawrence the
• coast of Canada.

38

• He claims?
• Newfoundland and
• Nova Scotia for England

39

• Later the French will
• arrive. How did the French
• claim become stronger
• than the English claim?
• Even though Cabot
• made his claim for
• Eng. In 1497, England
• did not
  send settlers to
• build settlements. The
• French began settle-
• ments in this area in the
• mid 1500s.

40

• The First Attempt to Establish an English Colony
  in America.
• A. What is a colony?
• It is a settlement usually
• in a far off land that is
• considered a part of the
• home country.
• 3 types of Eng.
• colonies
• Proprietary colony
• Charter Colony
• Royal Colony

41

• Proprietary Colony were the property
• of wealthy individuals or
• small groups of wealthy
• people.
• 2. Charter Colony were the property of
• a joint-stock company.
• Royal Colony were under the control of
• the Eng. government.
• A royal governor was
• appointed to govern for the
• king/queen.

42

• The First Attempt for a Colony
• Sponsor
• Sir Walter Raleigh
• What type of
• colony?
• Proprietary

43

• In 1585, 107 men left
• on 7 ships to go to America.
• Where did they land?
• Roanoke Island
• 4.Today it is off the
• coast of North
• Carolina.

44

• 5. A ship happened by and
• rescued the survivors.
• Who was the captain of
• this ship?
• Sir Francis Drake,
• Boldest Sea Dog of
• Them All
• (Eng. sea capts. Who
• attacked Spanish galleons)

45

• 6. One month later, a
• rescue ship with supplies
• arrived. The colonists
• were gone, but the capt.
• left 17 sailors behind.
• Why?
• 17 sailors were to hold
• on to Englands claim
• to the land.

46

• 7. In 1587, another 119
• Colonists arrived at
• Roanoke Island
• Governor John White, experienced
• sea capt., surveyor, and
• artist.
• -When they arrived, what
• did they find?
• 17 sailors were gone
• No one knows what
• happened to them.

47

• Who was Virginia Dare?
• 1st child born to Eng.
• parents in America.
• -granddaughter of
• John White
• Soon the supplies and
• Food were running low.
• What did White decide to do?
• White with a few others will return to
  England to
• get supplies.

48

• 10. What message
• system was worked out?
• If the settlement must
• relocate leave a
• message
• Crossdanger

49

• White left in Aug. 1587,
• and returned in
• 1591
• 12. Why so long?
• When White returned to
• Eng., Spain had declared
• war on England. The
• strong Spanish Armada
• (fleet) was coming to attack. As an
  experienced
• sea capt., white was ordered to
• command an Eng. ship.

50

• What did he find when
• he returned?
• The settlement was
• abandoned. No people
• were found. Pile of
• armor and other belong
• ings found in a heap in
• the village.

51

• Message found
• CROATOAN was
• carved on a tree. (No
• cross )
• Croataon refers to
• an nearby island or
• Native tribe.

52

• 16. They searched for the
• colonists. White and the
• others left for England
• without going to Croatoan
• Island. Why?
• Crew demanded
• they return to Eng.
• before weather
• worsens and they
• are stranded at
• Roanoke.

53

• 17. Theories about what
• Happened to the Lost
• Colony of Roanoke
• Many historians believe
• they moved in with/ became part of a
• Native American tribe.

54

• The First Successful English Colony in
• America.
• Location
• Jamestown, Virginia
• B. Sponsor
• Virginia Company of
• London
• Type of Colony
• Charter

55

• What is a joint-stock
• company?
• People bought shares
• of stock in the company.
• The company would
• use the money to
• establish a colony in
• in America.
• If the colony made a
• profit, the stockholders
• would receive part of the
• profit.

56

• Company Rule
• Settlers must spend
• half of the waking day
• looking for gold.
• They should have been
• storing up food for
• winter and building
• sturdy homes.

57

• Year
• 1607
• What was the area
• like? Tar-pitch swamp
• with many Native
• Americans living
• nearby.

58

• It looked like the
• colony may fail. Many
• were sick and starving.
• Who took charge?
• Capt. John Smith
• Smiths Rule
• He who does not work,
• will not eat.
• (If you dont do your
• share of the work, you
• wont get your share of
• the food.

59

• To get help, Smith
• Went to negotiate with
• the Indians (Powhattan)
• What did they do?
• Smith is taken prisoner
• he thought the Native
• Amers. planned to kill
• him.

60

• Who, supposedly saved
• his life?
• Pocahontas, 12 yr.
• p 85 old daughter of
• Chief Powhattan.
• Real name
• Matoaka

61

• The Native Amers.
• will sell them food.
• What happened to
• Smith?
• He is seriously wounded
• in a gunpowder explosion.
• He returns to Eng. never
• to come back to America.

62

• What was the Starving
• Time? It was the terrible winter
• of 1609-1610 when many
• died. They ate dogs,
• cats, snakes,
• toadstools. They broke
• up the houses of the
• dead to burn for firewood
• 1607-1609 900 people came to Jamestown
• 150 left at start of winter
• 60 left after the winter

63

• The colony almost failed
• but it did recover. Colonists
• learned about survival and
• new foods and farming
• techniques from the Indians.
• What crop grown in
• Virginia allowed the
• colony to make a profit?
• Tobacco

64

• Who was the developer
• of different blends that
• became popular in England?
• John Rolfe,
• husband of
• Pocahontas.
• First Africans were
• brought to English
• America by
• Dutch slave traders
• in 1619 to Jamestown.

65

• First Representative Assembly in
• America
• What is representative
• government?
• Citizens elect other
• citizens to govern.
• 1st rep. assembly
• In America was
• The Virginia House of
• Burgesses.

66

• Who could vote?
• White, adult men who
• owned property
• Who did they
• choose?
• same as above
• Primary Job of the
• House of Burgesses
• At first give advice to
• the royal governor.

67

• Later, it made laws for
• the colony with the
• approval of the governor
• Power of the Purse
• they controlled the
• spending of money by
• the government.
• Engs Parliament had
• this power too.

68

• How did this power
• improve their overall
• power?
• It gave the House of
• Burgesses more power
• and influence. The
• governor had to work
• with them.

69

• VIII. Religious Changes in England
• Until the 1530s,
• what was the official
• church/religion in England?
• Roman Catholic
• What king changed
• it to the Anglican or
• Church of England?
• King Henry VIII

70
Wives of Henry VIII

• Catherine of Aragon- daughter of Ferdinand
  Isabella she had been married to Henrys older
  brother who was killed in a hunting accident.
  She had 5 children, only one lived. (Mary)
  imprisoned by Henry until death.
• Anne Boleyn- lady of the court 1 child
  (Elizabeth I) charged with adultery and
• beheaded.

71

• Jane Seymour-dies in childbirth (Edward VI who
  dies at age 16 )
• Anne of Cleves-German princess who he
• married to form an alliance. Once alliance
  was broken, he divorces her.
• Catherine Howard-found guilty of having
• an affair and beheaded.
• Catherine Parr outlived him.

72

• Those who did not
• belong to or pay taxes
• to the Anglican Church
• were
• persecuted
• (picked on)
• Dissenter is
• one who disagrees

73

• Puritans wanted to stay with the
• Church of England but
• make changes in it.
• Less ceremonies
• Separatists
• wanted to separate
• entirely from the Church
• of England.

74

• What is a pilgrim?
• A pilgrim is a person who
• takes on a long journey
• for religious reasons.
• How were dissenters
• treated?
• They were persecuted.
• fined, jailed, property
• taken, executed

75

• In the early 1600s
• groups of Separatists
• left England. Many
• settled in the city of
• Leyden, Netherlands.
• How were they
• treated? They could live and
• worship as they pleased,
• as long as they obey
• laws and work to support themselves

76

• If they were treated
• well, why did one group
• decide to leave and
• eventually to go to America?
• In America, lots of land
• to farm free to worship
• as they please since
• they were far from the
• eyes of England raise
• their children to be
• English not Dutch.

77

• They returned to Eng,
• got the support of wealthy
• dissenters, and planned to
• sail to
• Jamestown, Virginia
• Where did they land?
• Coast of Massachusetts

78

• IX. The Second Permanent Colony
• Location
• Plymouth, Mass.
• Year Dec. 1620
• More than 100 men,
• Women, and children came
• To America on the ship
• Mayflower

79

• Before they left the
• Ship, 41 men signed the
• Mayflower Compact
• (agreement)
• It is the FIRST written agreement
• about self government
• in America.

80

• What is it about?
• p 859
• It describes how the
• colony will be governed
• and how decisions are
• to be made.

81

• Role of the Native
• Americans
• They taught them farming
• techniques
• Squanto taught the Eng.
• settlers about farming.
• Holiday
• Thanksgiving