Chapter 18 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

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Chapter 18 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

• Section 1 Early Difficulties
• Section 2 The Home Front
• Section 3 Victory in Europe
• Section 4 Victory in Asia

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Objectives
Section 1 Early Difficulties

• What were the strengths and weaknesses of the
  Allied Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?
• What steps did the United States take to prepare
  for war?
• Where did the Japanese military attack after
  Pearl Harbor?
• What were the early turning points of the war in
  the Pacific?
• What were the major battles in Europe and North
  Africa in 1942?

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Allied Powers
Section 1 Early Difficulties

• Production capacity of U.S. and manpower of
  Soviet Union were advantages.
• Disadvantages included the enormous amount of
  land in enemy hands, the multi-front aspect of
  the war, and the long fight that had to be faced.

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Axis Powers
Section 1 Early Difficulties

• Axis was better prepared economically and had
  been rearmed since the 1930s.
• Axis had firm control over invaded areas and
  already had airfields, barracks, and military
  training centers.
• Axis powers main difficulty was defending
  multiple fronts.

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U.S. preparations for war
Section 1 Early Difficulties

• increased production
• expanded the government
• began to direct the economy
• began to raise the army

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Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor
Section 1 Early Difficulties

• Clark Airforce Base in the Philippines
• Burma
• Borneo
• the Netherlands East Indies
• Wake Island
• Hong Kong

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Early turning points of war in Pacific
Section 1 Early Difficulties

• Battle of the Coral Sea
• Battle of Midway
• Guadalcanal

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Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa
Section 1 Early Difficulties

• Battle of El Alamein
• Battle of Stalingrad

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Objectives
Section 2 The Home Front

• How did the U.S. government try to keep wartime
  morale high?
• What was life like in the United States during
  World War II?
• How did women contribute to the war effort?
• What actions did the government take to protect
  the rights of minority groups?
• How were Japanese Americans affected by the war?

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Keeping wartime morale high
Section 2 The Home Front

• Office of War Information
• radio programs
• movies

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Life in the U.S. during WWII
Section 2 The Home Front

• long work hours and many sacrifices
• restrictions
• blackouts
• air-raid drills
• victory gardens

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Contributions of women
Section 2 The Home Front

• entered job market to replace soldiers
• worked in plants
• produced war products

13
Government actions to protect minority rights
Section 2 The Home Front

• Fair Employment Practices Committee
• attempts to end discrimination in businesses with
  federal contracts

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Effects on Japanese Americans
Section 2 The Home Front

• Many were relocated and interned.
• Interned people lost their property.
• Hawaiian islands put under martial law because
  Japanese population was too large to relocate.
• Some Japanese received limited military service
  opportunities.

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Objectives
Section 3 Victory in Europe

• Where did the Allied offensive in Europe begin?
• How did fighting in the Atlantic and in the air
  influence the land war in Europe?
• How did the Allies successfully carry out the
  Normandy invasion?
• What was the Holocaust?
• How did the Allies finally defeat Germany?

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Allied offensive in Europe
Section 3 Victory in Europe

• The Allied offensive in Europe began in Sicily
  and Italy.

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Effects of fighting in the Atlantic and in the
air on the land war
Section 3 Victory in Europe

• Sea dominance allowed the Allies to protect cargo
  ships and bomb Axis vessels.
• Strategic bombing from the air helped destroy
  German military factories and centers.

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The Normandy Invasion
Section 3 Victory in Europe

• invasion of German-occupied France
• disinformation campaign to distract Germans
• dummy invasion used as a decoy
• initial storming of beach caused high casualties
• ultimately successful

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The Holocaust
Section 3 Victory in Europe

• The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys slaughter of
  European Jews. The Germans took advantage of
  long-standing anti-Semitism and Allied inaction
  to do it.

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Final defeat of Germany
Section 3 Victory in Europe

• September, 1944 Battle of the Bulge
• February, 1945 Yalta Conference
• early 1945 Allies bomb Germany
• March, 1945 Allies invade Germany
• April, 1945 Hitler commits suicide
• May, 1945 Germany surrenders

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Objectives
Section 4 Victory in Asia

• How did the United States carry out its
  island-hopping plan?
• How did the battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
  affect the war?
• What led the United States to use atomic weapons
  against Japan?
• What were the human and economic costs of World
  War II?

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Island-hopping
Section 4 Victory in Asia

• conquered strategically important islands
• cut off other islands
• some islands chosen as launching pads for
  invasion of Japan

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Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Section 4 Victory in Asia

• These two battles were incredibly difficult and
  bloody, and though the U.S. won, the fighting
  demonstrated that the Japanese would not
  surrender.

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Reasons for use of the atomic bomb
Section 4 Victory in Asia

• enormous cost of an invasion
• continued Japanese resistance
• desire to demonstrate U.S. power to the Soviet
  Union

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Costs of World War II
Section 4 Victory in Asia

• killed millions of people and wounded many more
• resulted in the Holocaust
• destroyed economies of many nations
• ruined countless cities
• destroyed national infrastructures