AKS 34c

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Historys Mysteries 10.16.12 Q This religion
teaches that Earth is a battlefield between the
fight for good and the fight for evil. Each
person will be judged on how well they fight the
fight for good. They also believed in the
concepts of Satan and angels.
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Historys Mysteries 10.18.12 Q 1 What is the
holy book of Judaism? Q2 What is the holy book
of Christianity?
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AKS 34aExplain the origins of Islam the
growth of the Islamic Empire
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1. Who are the Bedouins?

• Arab nomads on the Arabian Peninsula.

2. What do the Bedouins value that became part of
the Islamic way of life?

• Valued ideals of courage loyalty to family,
  along with their warrior skills, would become
  part of the Islamic way of life.

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3. Who is Muhammad and explain his early life?

• Born in Mecca.
• Orphaned at age of 6.
• When he was 25 he married a 40 year old business
  woman named Khadijah.
• He would often pray meditate alone in caves.

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4. What happened to Muhammad at age 40 and what
did he begin to teach?

• While meditating in a cave he heard the voice of
  the Angel Gabriel.
• Angel Gabriel told Muhammad that he was a
  messenger of Allah.
• Muhammad realized he was the last prophet.
• He began to teach that Allah was the one and only
  God that all other Gods should be abandoned.

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5. What do Islam Muslim mean in Arabic?

• Islam means submission to the will of Allah
• Muslim means one who has submitted

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6. What is the Hijrah why is it a turning point
for Muhammad?

• After several of Muhammads followers were
  attacked, he decided to leave Mecca move to
  Yathrib aka Medina.
• It was a turning point because it allowed him to
  become a political, religious military leader.
• Muhammad also gained a lot of followers.

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7. When did Muhammad his followers return to
Mecca?

• In 630, Muhammad his followers returned to
  Mecca to takeover the city.
• The leaders of Mecca surrendered.

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8. What did most Meccans do upon his return?

• Pledged their loyalty to Muhammad many
  converted to Islam.

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9. What are the beliefs practices of Islam?
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9. What are the beliefs practices of Islam?

• Faith Declaration that there is no God but
  Allah, and Muhammad is His prophet.

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9. What are the beliefs practices of Islam?

• Prayer Five times a day morning, noon,
  mid-afternoon, sunset, evening facing Mecca

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9. What are the beliefs practices of Islam?

• Alms Muslims have a social responsibility to
  give money to the poor

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9. What are the beliefs practices of Islam?

• Fasting Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan
  from dawn to dusk. The idea is to show that
  spiritual needs are greater than physical needs.

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9. What are the beliefs practices of Islam?

• Pilgrimage All Muslims who are physically and
  financially able make a pilgrimage to Mecca at
  least once in their lives.

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10. Who is the original source of authority for
Muslims what does this word mean?

• Allah.
• God.

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11. What is the holy book of Islam called?

• Quran.
• Written in Arabic.
• Only the Arabic translation can be used during
  worship.
• This helped spread the message of Muhammad.

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12. Who was Muhammads successor, what is his
title, how did he spread Islam?

• Muhammad died in 632.
• He named no successor or instructions on how to
  pick his successor.
• Abu Bakr was elected as the first caliph.
• Caliph means successor.
• To save the Islamic Faith, he invoked the jihad.

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13. What is the jihad?

• Jihad means striving.
• The inner struggle against evil.
• Quran says the Jihad means an armed struggle
  against unbelievers.
• Abu Bakr applied this meaning of jihad to
  encourage and justify the expansion of Islam.

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14. Why did the four rightly guided caliphs
succeed in spreading Islam?

• Abu Bakr 1st Rightly Guided Caliph
• Applied the Quran meaning of jihad to encourage
  and justify the expansion of Islam.

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14. Why did the four rightly guided caliphs
succeed in spreading Islam?

• Umar 2nd Rightly Guided Caliph
• Muslim armies conquered Syria lower Egypt,
  parts of the Sassanid Empire.

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14. Why did the four rightly guided caliphs
succeed in spreading Islam?

• Uthman 3rd Rightly Guided Caliph
• Continued to expand Muslim territories.

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14. Why did the four rightly guided caliphs
succeed in spreading Islam?

• Ali 4th Rightly Guided Caliph
• Continued to expand Muslim territories.

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AKS 34c Explain the reasons for the split
between Sunni Shia Muslims
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1. What happened in 656 and who were the two
people claiming to be the rulers?

• 656 Uthman was murdered. This started a civil
  war.
• Ali the 4th Rightly Guided Caliph was the
  natural choice as a successor to Uthman.
• Ali was Muhammads cousin son-in-law.
• Muawiya, a governor from Syria, challenged Alis
  right to rule.
• 661 Ali was assassinated.

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2. Who were the Umayyads?

• The Umayyads took control after Ali was
  assassinated.
• Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus.
• Lived a life of luxury, instead of simple life.

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3. Explain the split, in detail, between the
Shia Sunni?

• The majority of Muslims supported the Umayyads
  rule. . . . A small group resisted it.

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Fill in the following chart
BASIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUNNI SHIA MUSLIMS
SUNNI
SHI'A
Believe that the first four caliphs were
"rightly guided"
Believe Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, should have
succedded Muhammad.
Believe that Muslims rulers should follow the
Sunna, or Muhammad's example.
Believe that all Muslim rulers should be
descended from Muhammad.
Claim that the Shi'a have distorted the meaning
of various passages in the Qur'an.
Claim that the Sunni have distorted the meaning
of various passages in the Qur'an.
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Shi'a 16
Sunni 83
Other 1
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AKS 34d Identify the contributions of Islamic
scholars in culture, innovations, and the
preservation of Classical knowledge to include
medicine (Ibn Sina), geography (Ibn Battuta),
origins, and the basic tenants of Islam.
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1. What three reasons do the Muslims have for
supporting science?

• Rulers wanted qualified physicians treating them.
• People needed to know what time to pray and the
  direction of Mecca.
• Deep-seated curiosity about the world and a quest
  for truth.

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2. What are the contributions of Muslims to
astronomy?

• Armillary sphere
• Used to calculate time date for prayer.
• Studied orbits.
• Mapped the stars.

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3. What is the standard for Arabic literature?

• The Quran

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4. During the Abbasid caliphate, what did
literature include? Give an example of popular
literature and explain the piece.

• Included poetry about nature and the pleasures of
  life and love
• Literature included The Thousand and One Nights,
  a collection of fairy tales, parables, and
  legends.

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5. Explain the following types of Muslim Art

• Calligraphy
• The art of beautiful handwriting
• Images of living beings were discouraged because
  Muslims believe that only Allah can create life

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5. Explain the following types of Muslim Art

• Geometric Patterns
• It uses intricate patterns that typically radiate
  out from the central shape

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5. Explain the following types of Muslim Art

• Arabesque
• A complex, ornate design that usually
  incorporates flowers, leaves, and geometric
  patterns.

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6. Why did Muslim artists express their
creativity in this way?

• Muslim leaders feared that people might begin
  worshipping the images rather than Allah.

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7. What advances were made in medicine?

• Ibn Sina Primary Source.

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7. What advances were made in medicine?

• Al-Razi
• Wrote a medical encyclopedia
• He also wrote a treatise on smallpox and measles,
  where he believed people would recover more
  quickly if they breathed cleaner air.

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8. What did Muslim scholars believe about math?

• They believed that mathematics was the basis of
  all knowledge.

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9. What branch of math did the Muslims create and
who created it?

• Algebra, created by Al-Khwarizmi

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10. Who is Ibn Battuta, where did he visit, and
what did he learn?
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10. Who is Ibn Battuta, where did he visit, and
what did he learn?

• A traveler and historian
• Visited most of the countries in the Islamic
  world.
• He learned he could travel without fear of crime
  and praised people for their study of the Quran,
  but criticized them for not strictly practicing
  Islams moral code.

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