Design Studies 1A

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Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES
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Nature of Structure

• a building is a balancing act

resistance of structure vs forces of nature

• human space does not exist until
• enclosed by structure

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Nature of Structure

• structure functions as a whole

• designed in response to anticipated loads

• relatively fragile wrt unanticipated loads

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Function of Structure
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Considerations
3 main considerations

• stability - equilibrium
• building must not move - up, sideways or
  overturn
• all forces and moments must balance

• strength
• building must not break / collapse

• stiffness - functionality
• building must continue to serve its purpose
• must not deform too much

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Need to Consider
concerned with

• behaviour of physical objects
• subjected to forces

• space and dimensionality

• material behaviour

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Need to Consider (Cont.)

• must resist loads due to gravity, wind,
• vibrations, impact and earthquakes

• major portion of structure for emergency
• - safety factors

• behaviour of materials
• - deformation under stress
• - may deteriorate

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Design of Structure

• maximum efficiency ?

• interesting / innovative forms ?

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Designing Structures

• little skill required to design
• building which will stand up

larger the enclosed space - more need for
structural efficiency
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Shaping Structures Statics, W. Zalewski and E.
Allen (1998)
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Hong Kong Bank Building Hong Kong (1986) Foster
and Partners Ove Arup and Partners
Shaping Structures Statics, W. Zalewski and E.
Allen (1998)
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Model of a Roof Structure Jjrn Utzon
Shaping Structures Statics, W. Zalewski and E.
Allen (1998)
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Parabolic Cable Structure Federal Reserve Bank,
Minneapolis Gunnar Birkerts Associates Skilling
, Helle, Christiansen, Robertson
Shaping Structures Statics, W. Zalewski and E.
Allen (1998)
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Shaping Structures Statics, W. Zalewski and E.
Allen (1998)
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3-Hinged Truss Arches Waterloo Terminal for
Chunnel Trains Nicholas Grimshaw
Partners Anthony Hunt Associates
Shaping Structures Statics, W. Zalewski and E.
Allen (1998)
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Hanging Roof Ingalls Hockey Rink Yale
University Eero Saarinen Severud-Elstad-Krueger
Shaping Structures Statics, W. Zalewski and E.
Allen (1998)
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Tent Structure Pier 6 Concert Pavilion Baltimore,
1992 FTL Buro Happold M. G. McLaren
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Lovett Vacation House Crane Island, Washington,
1972 Wendell Lovett Robert Albrecht
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Seidler House Killara, 1966-7 H. Seidler Large
R.C. cantilevers
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Harry Seidler High Court of Australia Canberra,
1972 40m P.C. beams expressing changing stress
patterns
NSW Government Stores Alexandria,
1964-8 Tetrahedron Space Frame Miller, Milstone
Ferris
Exhibition Pavilion Hyde Park, 1970-1 Steel
Hyperboloid Structure
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Passenger Terminal Idlewild Airport, NY Eero
Saarinen Buro Happold M. G. McLaren
Los Manantiales Restaurant Xochimilco, Mexico,
1958 J. A. Ordonez Felix Candela
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Project for an Office Tower 1956/57 I. M. Pei
Ass. Roberts Schaefer Co.
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Stadium Australia Homebush, Sydney, 1999 Bligh
Lobb Sports Architects Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM)
Modus Consulting Engineers
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http//www.arch.usyd.edu.au/kcdc/caut
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What do we Want to Know?

• what is structure - what does structure do?

encloses space

• what are we trying to do?

prevent failure
- equilibrium, strength, functionality
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What do we Want to Know?

• what causes failure?

• loads - moments

• insufficient support

• inadequate arrangement

• inadequate strength - size, material

• inadequate stiffness

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What do we Want to Know?

• what must the structure do?

• resist loads / moments

• transfer loads / moments to supports / ground

• resist deformation

• what are elements of structure?

• supports

• structure itself

• beams, columns, trusses, slabs, shells, ...

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