Protein Synthesis in Detail

1
Protein Synthesis in Detail
2
The Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics

• DNA ? RNA ? Protein

3
What is a Gene?

• a segment of DNA that carries the instructions
  for a protein

4
Transcription

• The process of converting the permanent
  instruction of DNA into the temporary instruction
  in messenger RNA
• Takes place in nucleus

5
Steps of Transcription

• DNA unwinds in gene region
• mRNA bases pair up with one strand of the exposed
  DNA bases and copy the gene
• DNA mRNA
• Adenine Uracil
• Cytosine Guanine
• Guanine Cytosine
• Thymine Adenine

6
Transcription
http//www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html
7
RNA splicing

• In eukaryotes, the RNA transcript is edited
  before it leaves the nucleus.
• Introns are removed and exons are spliced
  together.

8
Translation

• The process of converting the temporary
  instruction of messenger RNA into a chain of
  amino acids (polypeptide)
• Takes place on a ribosome

9
The Genetic Code
10
Steps of Translation

1. Initiation the mRNA codon bonds to the anticodon
   of a transfer RNA (tRNA) that carries methionine

11

1. Elongation the mRNA moves through the ribosome,
   and new amino acids bond to the previous amino
   acid creating a polypeptide (protein)

12

1. Termination the ribosome arrives at a "stop"
   codon and the completed polypeptide is released.

http//www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranslation.html