Spread of Dar-al-Islam

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Spread of Dar-al-Islam

• 7th17th C. CE

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Overview

• 7th-17th Centuries Islamic Empire provides key
  trade links and channels in E. Hemisphere
• Origins
• Bedouin tribes (family clans organized into
  tribes)
• Nomads
• Led by Shayk, war chief
• People loyal to family, lots of clan rivalries
  over land and water rights
• Mecca largest city, founded by Umayyad clan
• Site of Kaba
• NE was Yathrib (Medina) built around oasis
• Religion animism and polytheism
• Some believe in supreme god Allah

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Muhammad

• Born into Bedouin tribe
• Traveled in caravans
• met Christians and Jews
• Learned of clan rivalries
• Married rich widow, Khadijah
• Became dissatisfied with his life, spent time
  praying
• 610 received the first of many revelations from
  the angel Gabriel
• Later written in the Quran (Koran)

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Start of Islam

• Muhammad began to speak in Mecca
• 622 Umayyads drove him from Mecca on the Hijrah
  (emigration) to Yathrib (later called Medina
  al-Nabi city of the prophet)
• This marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar
• Following grew in Medina, fought battles proving
  the power of Allah
• Returned to Mecca triumphant
• Gradually Umayyads converted

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Growth of Islam

• Offered Arabs an Arab religion that was the equal
  of Christianity or Judaism
• Umma became more important that old tribal
  rivalries
• Everyone equal before Allah
• Strong moral code with responsibilities for weak
  and poor such as zakat

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Five Pillars of Islam

• Shahada Declaration of faith There is not god
  but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet
• La ilaha illa Allah wa-Muhammad rasul Allah
• SalatFive daily prayers
• Sawm Fast during Ramadan
• Zakat charity
• Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca