Grape is an important commercial fruit crop in India. It is plagued by several pests, which cause considerable damage to this economically important crop.

1
Introduction

• Grape is an important commercial fruit crop in
  India. It is plagued by several pests, which
  cause considerable damage to this economically
  important crop.
• Among them, the stem borer is the most serious.
  Earlier, this pest was considered to be a problem
  only in old and neglected vineyards.
• However, in recent years, severe incidence of
  this pest has been observed in even one year old
  gardens.

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2
Grapevine Stem Borer, Coelosterna
scabratorCerambycidae Coleoptera

• The insect is a borer, the grub of which bores in
  to stem and branches and causes drying and
  withering of affected branches.
• Initially reddish sap oozes from wounds, chewed
  particles of wood are seen on the ground just
  below the site of damage
• The adult beetles start emerging from the vines
  during July to September by making a round hole
  on the vine. Female beetles make conspicuous
  slits on the bark of the trunk and arms of the
  vine.

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Identification of the pest

• An adult beetle is about 4 cm long and dull
  yellow with minute spots.
• Capsule shaped eggs are laid singly in each of
  the slits and the slits are covered with a hard
  gummy substance.
• Newly hatched flat-headed cream coloured grubs
  burrow into the trunk or arms and feed inside and
  make them hollow.
• They remain inside the vine up to May.
  Thereafter, they pupate inside the tunnel made in
  the vine.

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4
Nature of damage

• Presence of saw dust like substance under the
  vine indicates the damage done by the grub.
  Damaged vines get weakened and growth gets
  affected.
• The maturity of berries is also delayed which
  ultimately affects the grape production in terms
  of both yield and quality.

Courtesy www. nhb.gov.in
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5
Management

• Hand picking of adults during July to September.
• Destruction of eggs or first instar grubs in the
  slits during July - September by removing the
  slit portion with the help of a sharp knife.
• Removal of loose bark in pre monsoon period,
  later painting bark with lindane suspension is
  recommended.
• Applying dichlorvos in the holes and closing it
  with mud or placing half tablet of alumunium
  phosphide in to the hole and closing it.
• Spraying of endosulfan 0.07 per cent in 2ml of
  water to kill adults in case of severe
  infestation.

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GRAPEVINE STEM GIRDLERSthenias
grisatorCerambycidae Coleoptera

• Besides grapevine, this insect also infests
  apple, citrus, mango.
• The adult beetles girdle around the main stem 15
  cm above the ground level at night.
• During the day the adults hide on the lower side
  of the leaves or under the forking of the
  branches, but actively move about at night
  avoiding the light.

Courtesy www.fao.org/docrep
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Identification of the pest

• Adult is a medium sized, stout beetle, grey
  coloured with a white spot in the center of each
  elytra.
• Grub - Head is dark brown colour, pair of strong
  mandibles.
• The emerging grub tunnels in to the wood and
  completes its life cycle within the stem.
• Pupation takes place within the tunnel.

Adult
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Nature of damage

• Adult beetle girdles (ringing) the vine as a pre
  ovipositional operation resulting in drying up
  of regions beyond the cut.
• The adult beetle lays eggs in the girdled
  portion. After the hatching of the eggs the grubs
  tunnel into the dry wood.
• Girdling results in considerable damage to the
  plant.

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Cane girdler injury
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9
Management

• Remove loose bark at the time of pruning to
  prevent egg laying.
• Collect and destroy damaged plant parts.
• Swab trunk with carbaryl 50 WP 2g/ lit.
• A piece of cloth is soaked in an insecticide
  solution like chlorpyrifos and then wrapped
  around the stem.
• Spray application of any of the following
  insecticides
• phosalone 35 EC 0.07 or quinalphos 25 EC 0.05
  carbaryl 50 WP  0.1, first round immediately
  after pruning and repeat it 2-3 times.

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10
Lets sum up

• Grape is an important commercial fruit crop in
  India. It is plagued by several pests, which
  cause considerable damage to this economically
  important crop.
• The grape vine stem borer is a borer, the grub of
  which bores in to stem and branches and causes
  drying and withering of affected branches.
• Adult stem gridler beetle girdles (ringing) the
  vine as a pre ovipositional operation resulting
  in drying up of regions beyond the cut.
• Regular monitoring is necessary to detect early
  infestations of insect pests and also to adopt
  proper control measures.
•  

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