Separation of Mixtures

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Separation of Mixtures
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Mixtures

• Mixture- a blend of two or more kinds of matter,
  each of which retains its own identity and
  properties
• We can separate the components of a mixture by
  using their characteristic properties

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Decanting

• Decanting means you are pouring off a liquid
  without disturbing the sediment or other liquid
  layers.
• You usually use it to separate solids from
  liquids, but it can be used to separate two
  liquids.

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Decanting

• When decanting solids from liquids, pour out the
  liquid into another beaker.
• Always use a glass stirring rod or a similar
  apparatus to (a) help keep the solid from pouring
  out and (b) to allow the liquid to run down it
  and keep from splashing

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Evaporation

• Evaporation can be used to separate a solid from
  a liquid in a homogeneous solution
• The solution is heated until all of the liquid
  evaporates and only the solid is left behind

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Magnetic Properties

• Two substances can be separated by their magnetic
  properties if one substance is magnetic and the
  other is not
• The magnet will then attract one substance but
  not the other

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Filtration

• A filter is a membrane or layer than allows some
  substances to pass through while blocking others
• You use to separate insoluble solids from liquids
• The most common type of filtration is gravity
  filtration

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Filtration
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Distillation

• Distillation is a technique used to separate two
  liquids with different boiling points
• When the first liquid starts to boil, it
  evaporates and reaches the condenser
• Water runs along the outside of the condenser,
  cooling the vapor and allowing it to return to
  the liquid state and be collected at the other end

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Chromatography

• Chromatography is used to separate the components
  of a solution (homogeneous mixture)
• A sample of the mixture is placed a little past
  one end of the chromatography surface (often,
  paper)
• The end with the sample is placed in another
  liquid (solvent)
• The solvent will be absorbed and travel up the
  chromatography surface bringing the mixture with
  it
• Different components of the mixture will travel
  different lengths up the chromatography surface

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Chromatography