GCSE Geography

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GCSE Geography

• Hi Tech Industries

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What is a footloose industry?

• Footloose industries are those that do not have
  to locate close to raw materials (unlike the
  early iron and steel industry that had to locate
  close to iron ore and coal etc).
• Footloose industries locate in pleasant
  environments near transport routes and near the
  markets.
• An example of a footloose industry would be a
  hi-tech industry such as computing.
• Footloose industries have to locate close to
  research centres like universities. Development
  in the hi-tech industry happen so fast that
  companies need to stay up to date to survive e.g.
  Science Parks around Cambridge.
• Footloose industries are usually non-polluting
  and can locate close to residential areas.

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What are hi tech industries?

• Produce sophisticated products
• Emphasis on research and development
• Raw materials are often electrical components
• Examples are computers, biotechnology,
  telecommunications, aerospace and military
  equipment

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Location map/sample question
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Science Parks?

• Located on edge of cities
• Typically on greenfield sites
• Connected with high technology and electronics
• Have direct links with Universities for research
• Attractive layouts (grass, ornamental ponds and
  gardens)

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Cambridge Science Park
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Location of Cambridge Science Park
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The History of the park

• Report published in 1969, recommended an
  expansion of 'science-based industry' close to
  Cambridge to take maximum advantage of the
  concentration of scientific expertise, equipment
  and libraries and to increase feedback from
  industry into the Cambridge scientific community.
  
• Trinity College had a piece of land available, a
  long scientific tradition and it decided to apply
  for planning permission to develop it as a
  science park, an idea born during the 60s in the
  USA where the first science park was established
  by Stanford University.

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Site Map
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1970-1980

• Planning permission granted in October 1971
• The first company moved onto the site in Autumn
  1973 following clearance and landscaping of the
  derelict area, conversion of the old gravel pit
  dug for wartime concrete standings into a lake,
  and construction of the first stretch of road.
• Growth of the Cambridge Science Park was slow in
  the first five years. The science park concept
  was an unfamiliar one and companies were mainly
  attracted to it by a desire to be close to the
  University's scientific research. Early on, UK
  subsidiaries of multinational companies started
  to locate there (LKB Biochrom from Sweden and US
  laser specialists Coherent were the first two of
  these) and the number of companies slowly grew to
  25 by the end of the 70s.  

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1980-1990

• Mini-cluster of technologies and people developed
  and began to draw in more companies. The Trinity
  Centre was opened in 1984 to provide a meeting
  place, meal facilities and conference rooms
• More starter units and the Cambridge Innovation
  Centre were built to expand the range of
  accommodation available and a squash court was
  opened in 1986. Several venture capital
  companies opened offices on the park, including
  3i, the UK's leading venture capital company.
• University academics began to bring companies to
  the park, encouraged by its success and because
  of the breaking of the monopoly of intellectual
  property originating in UK universities.
•  

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1990-2000

• The cluster of hi-tech companies in the Cambridge
  area has grown to some 1200 companies employing
  around 35,000 people and demand for space has
  increased.
• The life sciences sector has grown strongly and
  is rapidly becoming the dominant technology
  sector. These, plus fast-growing internet and
  telecomms-related companies and the growth and
  success of a number of companies which have been
  at the park for some years, have altered the
  pattern of space occupation in recent years.
• There are now fewer but larger, better funded and
  more successful companies at the park.
• A new biotech venture capital fund, Merlin
  Ventures, has recently opened an office there.

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21st Century

• The Park now boasts a state of the art conference
  centre and restaurants, the Q.ton forum,
  Revolution fitness centre and a 115 child-place
  nursery.
• A further 22.5 acres of land is currently under
  development adjacent to the Park. It involves a
  joint venture between Trinity Hall (the
  landowner) and Trinity College. One unit has been
  pre-let to Cambridge Silicon Radio.

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Testing, Testing

• Make a copy of these words
• Tertiary
• Overheads
• Brownfield
• Enterprise
• Footloose
• Labour
• Exports
• Greenfield
• Heavy
• Science Park

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Questions 1-5

• 1. The type of industry which uses bulky raw
  materials, such as steel.
• 2. An industry which isn't tied to a particular
  location.
• 3. The employment sector that includes tourism,
  banking and retail.
• 4. An area, which is often linked to a
  university, where high tech research and
  manufacturing is carried out.
• 5. A site which hasn't been built on before.

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Questions 6-9

• 6. The name for costs such as rent, heating and
  staff salaries in a firm.
• 7. _______ Zone - somewhere that the government
  has set aside for the development of new
  industry.
• 8. Goods going out of the country.
• 9. An urban area which has been built on before,
  but is suitable for redevelopment.

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Answers

• 1. heavy
• 2. footloose
• 3. tertiary
• 4. science park
• 5. greenfield

• 6. overheads
• 7. enterprise
• 8. exports
• 9. brownfield

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Useful further information

• http//www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topi
  cs/secondary.html
• http//www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topi
  cs/secondary.htmlcamb