Who was Andrew Jackson?

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Who was Andrew Jackson?
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The American President Movie Clip
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Book Work

• Read p. 333 and and the top of 334 to find
  background information about Andrew Jackson.
• Fill in some background info on Jackson on the
  top of p.3 in your packet.

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Like most of us, our seventh President was full
of contradictions

• Yet he turned himself into a lawyer, a general, a
  man of considerable wealth, and the President of
  the United States

• He had virtually no education. It was said that
  the President never spelled a word the same way
  twice.

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He was Scots-Irish

• Which meant he was touchy and fiercely protective
  of his honor
• He carried two bullets in his body from duels
  hed fought
• 1806-Jackson became involved in a dispute over a
  horse. Dickinson challenged Jackson to a duel.
  Although Dickinson shot first, sending a bullet
  into Jacksons chest, Jackson shot next and last
  - killing Dickinson.

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Jackson showed this sense of honor when he was
only twelve

• During the American Revolution, a British officer
  struck him in the head with a saber when Jackson
  refused to shine his boots

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He led troops against Indians and, in the War of
1812, crushed the British at the Battle of New
Orleans

• What no one knew at the time was treaty that
  ended the War of 1812 had already been signed!

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His military skill made him a hero
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End Lesson
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Analyzing Trends
Previously Held Office
President A Vice President
President B Secretary of State
President C Secretary of State
President D Secretary of State
What trends emerge from this data?
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Hypothetical Election
Qualifications
Candidate A Secretary of State
Candidate B Speaker of the House
Candidate C Treasure
Candidate D Military Hero
Who do you think is the most and least qualified
to be president?
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Hypothetical Election Results
Candidate Popular Votes Electoral Votes
A 108,740 84
B 47,136 37
C 46,618 41
D 153,544 99
Who won this election?
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Election of 1824Candidates Revealed
Candidate Popular Votes Electoral Votes
A John Quincy Adams 108,740 84
B Henry Clay 47,136 37
C William Crawford 46,618 41
D Andrew Jackson 153,544 99
Who won this election?
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Amendment 12, United States Constitution (1804)

• if no person have such a majority of electoral
  votes, then from the persons having the highest
  numbers not exceeding three on the list of those
  voted for as president, the House of
  Representatives shall choose immediately, by
  ballot, the President

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Election of 1824So who wins?

• No candidate received a MAJORITY (1/2 plus 1) of
  the electoral votes. (261/2 1301131 electoral
  votes winner)
• Amendment 12 says vote goes to the House of
  Representatives.
• House elects John Quincy Adams
• 3 days later Adams appoints Clay (Who was Speaker
  of the House) to become his secretary of State.
• Jackson supporters claim it was a Corrupt Bargain.

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Is it a corrupt bargain?

• There never was a corrupt bargain in the
  election of 1824. Supporters of Jackson invented
  this as a campaign strategy to get their
  candidate elected in 1828.
• Historian A

• Adams and Clay clearly entered into a corrupt
  bargain in 1825 and, in the process, cheated the
  American people out of the president they
  wanted.
• Historian B

Can we ever really know what happened?
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Corrupt Bargain Video Clip
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End Lesson
Homework Page 34 in packet
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Jackson was both tough and frail

• The men who fought for him called him Old
  Hickoryafter the wood that is so incredibly
  hard that it made great canes for gentlemen to
  carry (and clobber each other with). Yet he was
  over 6 1 and weighed about 130 lbs.

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In 1835, a man attempted to shoot the President

• But his palms were sweaty, so both his pistols
  misfired.
• Jackson proceeded to nearly beat the poor man to
  death with his cane. It took several people to
  pry the old man off the would-be assassin.

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Jackson saw himself as the champion of the
Common Man

• At his first Inauguration, the Common Men at
  the White House reception nearly tore the place
  apart during their celebration for Old Andy.
• They were distracted only when a 300-lb. cheese
  was wheeled out onto the White House lawn.
• Which is where we get the term Big Cheese

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Although he loved the Common Man, this did not
extend to people of color

• Jacksons wealth was based on The Hermitage, his
  plantation, worked by slave labor
• He hated Indians and probably would have
  preferred to have seen them exterminated

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His political idol was Thomas Jefferson
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And his political philosophy followed Jeffersons

• He believed that farmers and workers were the
  backbone of America
• He opposed a powerful national government he
  felt that political power should be at the state
  level, closer to the people
• Both men hated the Bank of the United Statesboth
  felt it gave the national government too much
  power
• Neither man trusted wealthy, city-dwelling
  easterners

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Jacksons Presidency

• Was one of the most controversial in American
  history
• His power either made him a hero or a dictator,
  depending on your point of view

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The Spoils System

• After taking office, Jackson fired many
  government employees
• He dismissed more than 200 employees.
• Critics accused him of rewarding Democrats
  instead of choosing qualified men
• Jackson felt that ordinary Americans could fill
  government jobs, instead of just the wealthy
• Spoils System practice of rewarding supporters
  with government jobs

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The Kitchen Cabinet

• Jackson gave a number of his supporters Cabinet
  positions
• Most of these men were NOT qualified so he rarely
  met with them
• Instead, he relied on a group of unofficial
  advisors such as Democratic leaders and newspaper
  editors
• Because he met with them in the White House
  kitchen they became known as the Kitchen
  Cabinet

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The Bank War

• President Jackson disliked the Bank of the United
  States
• He thought it was too powerful
• The bank had great power because it controlled
  loans in the United States
• Example If the bank directors thought state
  banks were making too many loans, they limited
  the amount of money those banks could lend
• This angered farmers and merchants who borrowed
  money

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Jacksons Veto

• Jackson vetoed the bank bill for two reasons
• He declared the bank unconstitutional
• He believed the bank helped aristocrats at the
  expense of the common people

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Bank War Video
End of Lesson
Homework P. 6 7 in packet
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But the biggest crisis of Jacksons Presidency

• May have been the Nullification Crisis over the
  Tariff of 1828. In 1833, it nearly tore the
  Union apart.
• Jacksons foe in the crisis was John C. Calhoun,
  whose wife had insulted Peggy Eaton. Jackson
  intensely disliked Calhoun.
• What was the crisis about? How did Jackson
  resolve it?
• It was one of the most important achievements of
  his Presidency

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THE ECONOMIES OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH

• Economy of the North
• Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval
  supplies, trade and port cities
• Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing
  (textiles, tools,
• metals, building materials, etc.)
• Economy of the South
• Large farms/plantations, cash crops
• (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood
• products, small farms
• Slavery

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THE DEBATE OVER TARIFFS

• Tariffs are taxes that the government puts on
  imported goods (Goods brought in from other
  countries).

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1828

• Congress passes a controversial high protective
  tariff
• Who do you predict will support this new law, and
  who will oppose this tariff?

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The Debate over Tariffs

• Con If your business is agriculture, you need
  to sell your food and raw materials and buy
  manufactured goods. You may depend on foreign
  nations to buy your goods and in return you buy
  their manufactured goods. You are afraid that
  tariffs will make foreign goods more expensive.
  You worry that if you dont buy their goods, then
  they wont buy your farm goods and your economy
  will suffer.

• Pro If you were a craftsman or manufacturer
  in the United States, you would like tariffs
  because your products would not have that
  additional tax, therefore your products are
  cheaper than foreign products. People will be
  more likely to buy your products.

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JOHN C. CALHOUN

• Vice President under Andrew Jackson
• Believed the Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional
  since it favored the North
• Insisted that states had a right to refuse to
  follow a law if the state felt it violated its
  rights
• States could declare a federal law null and void
• This is called nullification, a rejection of the
  law
• He and many other Southerners called the 1828
  tariff a Tariff of Abominations

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ANDREW JACKSON

• 7th President of the United States
• Believed in preserving the Union and fought
  nullification
• Recommended to Congress to reduce the Tariff of
  1828, so they passed a lower tariff in 1832

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NULLIFICATION ORDINANCE

• South Carolina was not pleased with the new
  tariff either. They said it was oppressive, so
  the state passed the Nullification Ordinance in
  1832.
• Declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and
  void
• Stated they would secede if the federal
  government used force to make them comply.

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JACKSONS RESPONSE

• Claimed secession would be considered treason.
• Defended the federal governments power to impose
  tariffs and chastised South Carolina for
  violating federal law because a state had no
  right to declare any national law null and void.

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FORCE BILL

• Jackson asked Congress to grant him the ability
  to use military force to compel South Carolina to
  accept and follow the law -- The Force Bill
• Meanwhile Henry Clay proposed another tariff in
  Congress that would reduce tariffs significantly
  over the next ten years Compromise Tariff
• Both of these passed in 1833, and South Carolina
  repealed its ordinance.

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Tariff of Abominations clip
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End of lesson
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Indian Removal Act

• President Jackson pushes Congress to force
  Indians to move west of the Mississippi
• Congress established Indian Territory (now
  Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland
• US government creates Bureau of Indian Affairs

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Cherokee Sue For Land

• Cherokee sued the government of Georgia for
  taking their land
• Worcester vs. Georgia - Supreme Court rules
  Georgias actions are illegal and that the
  Cherokee can stay

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President Andrew Jackson
Chief Justice John Marshall has made his
decision. Now let him enforce it.

1. What is the job of the Supreme Court?
2. What is the job of the President?
3. What should happen if a government official
   refuses to do his job?

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Trail of Tears

• US troops move 18,000 Cherokee at gunpoint 800
  miles from 1838-1839
• 25 of Cherokee died (Over 4000) - most elderly
  and children
• US troops steal things, rape women, and beat
  Cherokees that resist.

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Trail of Tears Video Clip
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Political Cartoons

• Here are some illustrations and cartoons about
  Andrew Jackson
• What events do they show? What opinion do they
  communicate?

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Who is the person in this picture? What are some
of the symbols used in this cartoon? What do you
think the artist was trying to say with this
cartoon?
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End Lesson
Homework P. 9 10 in packet