Barriers that prevent Mass-introduction of Technology in Dwellings

1
Barriers that prevent Mass-introductionof
Technology in Dwellings
2
Governmental Funding

• 489 Governmental Funded Projects 130 M
• Technology for independent living supported
• by governmental funding2 (2000 - 2004)
• Funding for
• Project-based studies
• Valorization of knowledge
• Pilot studies

2 Woonzorgstimulering, bron Staatscourant
3
Stakeholders

• Involved Stakeholders
• Supply driven
• Manufacturers Supplying products
• Contractors Installation and Maintenance
• Commissioners Paying organization
• Client 1 Care Givers
• Demand Driven
• Client 2 Individual older user

4
Pilot Study Design

• 2005 10 selected project that included
  Domotics
• (28 available)
• 2006 15 selected project (ad random) including
  Tele-Services
• (45 available)
• Site Visit and questionnaires to assess
• Installed Technology Applications
• Organizational Stakeholders
• User Experiences Questionnaires

5
Pilot Study Results 2005 (1)

• Installed Technology

Home automation Home automation
Automated light 7
Access control 5
Video intercom 3
Cooking plate with safety facility 4
Teleservices Teleservices
Personal alarm 9
Telecare and telehealth 3
Technological Structure Technological Structure
Intelligent agents 0
Intelligence centralized 10
Infrastructure Infrastructure
Radiofrequecy (RF) 4
Infrared (IR) 2
Twisted Pair 7
Radiofrequency Indentification (RFID) 0
Agents are autonomous problem-solving entities
that are able to flexibly solve problems in
complex, dynamic environments, without
receiving permanent guidance from the user
(Jennings, N. R., Wooldridge, M. J. (1998)
(Eds.), Agent Technology Foundations,
Appli-cations, and Markets. Santa Clara, CA, USA
Springer-Verlag Telos, 325 pages, ISBN
3540635912.
6
Pilot Study Results 2005 (2)

• Organization

Involved Stakeholders Involved Stakeholders Involved Stakeholders
Care Insurance company Care Insurance company 0
Home Association Home Association 9
Care institution involved Care institution involved 8
Subscription services Subscription services
technological driven 5
partly care driven 2
partly combined 1
7
Pilot Study Results 2005 (3)

• User experiences

8
Trade Fair Domotics (1)

• Interviewing and studying received brochures
• Exhibitors were selected from the summaries
• Containing conceptual approach of personal care
  and/or home automation (service technology was
  not present)

Catalog Trade Fair
9
Trade Fair Domotics (2)
General General
Fulfills selection criterion (Integral approach) 7/18
Technological Technological
Plug and Play applications 0/7
Organizational Organizational
involved in both industries (care and building services industry) 1/7
Determining needs of end-user 1/7
Financial Financial
Considering investment as major barriers 7/7
10
Barriers (from Literature)
Barriers (from Literature)
Absence of plug and play
Lack of knowledge individual needs
Lack of training capabilities
Support services not well organized
Human machine interface not suitable
RD cooperation between care and building services industry
Financial payment structure
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Barriers (from Literature) Manufacturers Manufacturers Contractors Contractors End-User End-User
Barriers (from Literature) EP TF EP TF EP TF
Absence of plug and play X X
Lack of knowledge individual needs x X
Lack of training capabilities X x
Support services not well organized x x X
Human machine interface not suitable x
RD cooperation between care and building services industry X X
Financial payment structure X X -
EP Evaluated Projects TF Trade Fair