GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEW

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GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEW
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GOVERNMENT/CIVICS

• 18 OF THE GHSGT

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(No Transcript)
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• Domain 1 American Government/Civics
  (approximately 18 of the test)
• Overview of the Domain
• Students describe, explain, analyze, and evaluate
  information related to
• ? the Declaration of Independence
• ? the United States Constitution
• ? the structure, function, and purpose of the
  national government
• ? civil liberties and civil rights
• ? participation in civic life and elections
• Associated Concepts and Skills
• Assessment of this domain will focus on the
  following
• ? analyzing the philosophy and the nature of
  government in the Declaration of Independence
• ? explaining the main ideas in the debate over
  the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and the
  fundamental principles on which the document is
  based
• ? the structure and function of the national
  government
• explaining the branches of the federal
  government
• explaining the federal system
• explaining the difference between the House of
  Representatives and the Senate and describing the
  legislative process
• analyzing the role of the President of the
  United States
• explaining the functions of the cabinet

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Whats the Diff?

• Different types of government

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Different types of government

• Dictatorships
• Oligarchies
• Constitutional monarchies
• Democracies
• Republics

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• What type of government does the U.S. have?

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• What is the difference between a direct democracy
  and a representative democracy?

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Different Theories of Government

• Socialismthe government controls all of the
  social services (transportation, education,
  healthcare, police/fire, postal services,
  utilities etc) through tax money. Wealthy pay
  more taxes than poor.

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Different Theories of Government

• CommunismThe proletariat (working class man)
  controls the governmentthe government tells the
  citizens what to do0 individual freedomyou are
  told what job you will have, where you will live,
  what you can buy, etc

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Different Theories of Government

• Democracythe power of the government rests with
  the will of the people
• There is a social contract between the government
  leaders and the peoplethe people are willing to
  give up some freedoms to the government (laws)
  for the good of the majority, but the government
  agrees to protect the people.

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• In a democracy, what can be done if the
  government breaks the social contract with the
  people?

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• When was the last time a government broke a
  social contract with the American people? What
  was done about it?

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The 2 governments of the US

• The Articles of the Confederation (during the
  American Revolution-1787)
• Weak governmenta league of friendship
• No President or Court System
• The States had ALL the power
• Shays Rebellion
• The US Constitution (1787-current day)
• Separation of powers (3 branches of government)
• Federal government more powerful than States
• Whiskey Rebellion

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The US Constitution

• The Highest Law of the Land

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Ratifying the Constitution

• Federalistssupported the new Constitution
• James Madison, Alexander Hamilton John Jay
  wrote 80 essays to defend the new Constitution
  called The Federalist Papers
• Anti-Federalistsopposed the new Constitution
• Lacked a Bill of Rights
• Compromised and added a Bill of Rights1st 10
  Amendments to the Constitution

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A living document

• How can the US constitution be changed?
• How many times has the US constitution been
  changed?

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Express Powers v Implied Powers

• Expressed Powers specific powers that are
  listed in the US Constitutionthey are written
  down
• Implied Powers powers that are NOT written down
  in the Constitution, but are very vague and
  subject to interpretation

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The Power of the US Constitution

• The highest law of the land
• The power to change (through the amendment
  process)
• Checks and balances

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Branches of the Government Executive Branch

• The Powers of the President

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The Executive Branch

• Qualifications at least 35 years old a natural
  born citizen a resident of the US for at least
  14 years
• Terms of office 4 year terms cannot serve more
  than 2 consecutive terms as President (8 years
  total)

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• Can Arnold Schwarzenegger ever be President? Why
  or why not?

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How is a President elected?

• 2 ways popular vote and electoral college
• Popular vote every American citizen over 18 has
  the right to vote in the Presidential election on
  the 2nd Tuesday of November every 4 years
• Electoral college a group of representatives
  for each state meet on the 2nd Tuesday of
  December every 4 years and cast their votes for
  President

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More on the electoral college

• Presidents are NOT elected by the popular vote or
  the direct democracy approach BUTit does help
  the electoral college make up its mind who to
  vote for
• Each state receives a certain number of electoral
  college votes. The electoral college
  representatives of each state has the
  responsibility of voting for the will of the
  people of that state

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• How did GA vote in the election of 2008?

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Specific Powers of the President

• Commander in chiefhas the power to send troops
  anywhere in the world
• President is the Chief Executivethe leader of
  the United States
• Determines the national budget
• President sets the national agenda (what goals
  does the country have)

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The Presidential Cabinet

• The chief advisors to the President
• The Vice President 15 Departmental Leaders
• Department of the State
• Departemnt of the Treasury
• Department of the Defense
• Department of the Interior
• Department of the Education
• Department of the Agriculture
• Department of the Commerce
• Department of Homeland Security
• Etc

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The Office of Presidency

• Who keeps the President on schedule?
• The White House staff is approximately 400
  people.
• The Chief of Staff keeps the White House running
  and the President on task.

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Branches of the Government Legislative Branch

• The Powers of Congress

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The Elastic Clause

• Article I of the Constitution states
• The Congress shall have Power - To make all
  Laws which shall be necessary and proper for
  carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and
  all other Powers vested by this Constitution in
  the Government of the United States, or in any
  Department or Officer thereof.

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2 Houses of Congress

• House of Representatives
• 2 year term
• 435 members
• Elected by state districts
• Primary responsibilities include raising taxes

• Senate
• 6 year term
• 100 members (2 each state)
• Elected by the state as a whole
• Primary responsiblities include consenting to
  treaties and presidential appointees

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Congressional Powers over the Economy

• power to levy taxes provide for the general
  welfare of the US
• Revenue Bills (raising taxes) began in House and
  then move to the Senate for a vote
• Appropriations billsproposed laws to authorize
  spending moneynot defined by Constitution

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Congressional Powers over the Economy

• Constitution gives Congress the power to borrow
  money
• Constitution gives Congress the power to print
  and coin money and punish counterfeiters
• Congress has power to make bankruptcy
  lawsusually allows States to handle individual
  bankruptcies

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Congressional Foreign Powers

• Power to approve treaties, declare war, create
  and maintain a military, make rules of military
  regulate foreign commerce
• War Powers Act (1973)President can only commit
  troops into action for 60 days without
  congressional notification within 48 hours

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The Power of Impeachment

• House votes to impeach
• Senate hears the trial
• 2/3s vote is required for conviction removal
• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over
  the process

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Powers denied to Congress

• Bill of Rightsspecified rights and liberties to
  individuals of the US
• Writ of habeas corpusCongress cannot keep an
  individual prisoner if the Courts have released
  said individual
• Bills of attainderfinding individuals guilty and
  punishing them without a trial
• Ex Post Facto Laws(after the fact laws)Congress
  cannot find individuals guilty of crimes that
  were legal when they were committed

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• What ifa person was texting while driving in
  March of 2009 and was involved in a car crash and
  killed 4 people. The national government
  (Congress) passed a new amendment in September of
  2011 that made it illegal for a person to text
  while driving with a mandatory sentence of 10
  years in federal prison. Would the person who
  texted while driving in 2009 be subject to this
  law? Why or why not? What is this an example of?

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Branches of the Government Judicial Branch

• The Powers of the Courts

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The Supreme Court

• There are 9 supreme court justices