Magnetic Materials and Electromagnets

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Magnetic Materials and Electromagnets

• Purpose
• Background
• Equipment List
• Procedure
• Data
• Discussion
• Conclusion

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Purpose

• The purpose of this experiment was to investigate
  the magnetic properties of matter.
• This investigation included evaluating the
  properties of various permanent magnets, as well
  as measuring the variations of an electromagnet
  as a function of coil current.

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Equipment List

• Neodymium-Iron-Boron Disk Magnet
• Ceramic Permanent Magnets
• Cardboard Spacers
• Cenco Electromagnet
• Power Supply
• Multimeter
• F.W. Bell Guass/Tesla Meter

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Background information

• The beginning of Magnets
• Domain Theory
• Permanent Magnets
• Electromagnets
• Magnets as we know them in the world today.

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Materials Commonly Used to Make Permanent Magnets

• Neodymium Iron Boron
• NeoForm-B Bonded NdFeB
• Samarium Cobalt
• Alnico
• Ceramic Ferrite

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Neodymium Iron Boron

• Became Available in mid-1980
• most commonly Produced Magnet
• Maximum Magnetic Energy - 26-28 MGOes
• Maximum Operating Temperature is 1500 C
• Less Brittle than other magnets
• High resistance to Demagnetization

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Ceramic Ferrite Magnets

• Have been around since the mid 1950s
• Have a very Low relative cost
• Maximum Magnetic Energy - 4 MGOes
• Maximum Operating Temperature - is 3000 C
• Moderate Resistance to Demagnetization
• Small Cracks and Chips are common

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Convert Electrical Energy to Physical Motion
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Convert Physical Motion to Electrical Energy
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Produce Mechanical Energy
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Control, Shape or Direct an Object or Substance
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Procedure

• Measured the Gap Length for Neodymium-Iron-Boron
  Magnets and for Ceramic Magnets
• Measured how the Flux density changed as a
  function of magnet volume.
• Measured the Flux Density as a function of
  current for an electromagnet

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Data - NdFeB Permanent Magnet
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Data - NdFeB Permanent Magnet
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Data - Ceramic Permanent Magnet
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Data - Ceramic Permanent Magnet
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Data - Electromagnet
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Discussion

• Problems I encountered with the experiment
• Possible Sources of Error
• Interpretation of Data
• Possible Methods of Improving this experiment for
  accuracy.
• Other interesting Experiments that could be done
  on this subject.

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Discussion

• Problems I encountered with the experiment
• Possible Sources of Error
• Interpretation of Data
• Possible Methods of Improving this experiment for
  accuracy.
• Other interesting Experiments that could be done
  on this subject.

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Conclusion

• NdFeB magnets vs. Ceramic Magnets
• Electromagnets

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References

• History was provied by
• The National Museum of Science and Technology at
  http//www.science-tech.nmstc.ca/engine.cfm?functi
  onlinkidx1367languageenglishwhatare
• Information about magnets was provided by
• Dexter Magnet Technologies at http//www.dextermag
  .com/