James Madison: Presidency (1809-1817)

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James Madison Presidency (1809-1817)

• Father of the Constitution (drafted the Virginia
  Plan which provided the essential framework for
  the document)
• Thomas Jeffersons Secretary of State
  (1801-1809)
• Fourth President of the United States (1809-1817)

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Family Life

• Married Dolley Payne Todd at age 43
• Dolley Madison
• They had no children but it is reported that they
  had a great life together
• Dolley Madison became famous as a First Lady and
  for saving many important items during War of 1812

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Historical Contributions

• Constitutional Convention Delegate from Virginia
• Proposed the Virginia Plan which became basis for
  Constitution
• Kept a Meticulous Journal of the proceedings
• 4th President of the U.S.
• Declared War on Britain in 1812

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• The Fourth of July in Philadelphia, c. 1811 (p.
  250)

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Prelude to the War of 1812
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Madison and Commercial Warfare

• Sought to avoid war through diplomacy and
  economic pressure
• Difficulties with British and French led to
  increasing calls for war
• Nonintercourse Act 1809 - no trading with
  Britain and France
• Macons Bill No. 2 1810 - tried to pit Britain
  and France against one another

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Causes of the War of 1812 Territorial expansion
OR maritime (at sea) rights? OR Both?

• Freedom of the seas.
• a. British disregard for American naval rights
• b. Policy of impressment.
• c. Blockading of American ports
• American resentment of Britain.
• a. American belief that the British in Canada
  were arming and encouraging the Indians.
• 3. American ambition to annex Canada and Florida.
• War Hawks - Republicans from the South and West
  who wanted western lands secured for settlement.

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Causes of the War of 1812
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War of 1812
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Major Battles

• Detroit
• Lake Erie
• Thames River
• Bladensburg
• Fort McHenry
• New Orleans

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Major Battles of the War of 1812
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• Map 8.5 The War of 1812 (p. 238)

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Treaty of Ghent - 1814

• Ceasefire
• All land returned to Country claiming it before
  the war
• US-Canada boundary same as before the war
• No dealing with causes of war
• No British concessions

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Andrew Jacksonthe Battle of New Orleans

• January 1815
• After the Treaty of Ghent signed
• Jackson victorious
• Jackson achieves national fame

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Results of the War of 1812

• 1. Growth of American Nationalism.
• Star-Spangled Banner. Often referred to as the
  Second War for American Independence.
• 2. Strengthening of isolationism.
• 3. Increase in westward migration.
• 4. Encouragement of American Industry.
• 5. Disappearance of the Federalist Party.

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War of 1812 popularly

• Music
• 1812 Overture
• Star-Spangled Banner
• Three Dead Trolls
• Johnny Horton
• New Era of Nationalistic Pride
• War heroes emerge as national politicians
• Andrew Jackson (Old Hickory), William Henry
  Harrison (Tippecanoe)

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Hartford Convention

• Federalist convention
• Rejected idea of New England secession
• Called for 2/3 vote to enter war
• Learned of Jacksons victory at New Orleans
• Heavily criticized as unpatriotic
• Federalists never recovered

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Evolution of Major Political Parties
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Effects of the War of 1812