Block Pavements Construction and Design

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Block PavementsConstruction and Design
SEPT-Workshop 2011

• Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Koch

2
Structure

• Standards and Regulations
• Design and Construction of Concrete Block
  Pavements
• Upper Roadbase
• Laying Course
• Joints
• Block Pavement

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Standards and Regulations
4
European Standards

• Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound
  mixtures (DIN EN 13242)
• Unbound mixtures (DIN EN 13285)
• Concrete paving blocks and flags (DIN EN 1338,
  DIN EN 1339)
• Kerb units (DIN EN 1340, DIN EN 1343)
• Forms and dimensions of concrete kerb units (DIN
  428)
• Clay pavers (DIN EN 1344)
• Clinker (DIN 18503)
• Setts and slabs of natural stone for external
  paving (DIN EN 1341, DIN EN 1342)

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National technical requirements based on the EN

• Construction products
• Technische Lieferbedingungen für Bauprodukte zur
  Herstellung von Pflasterdecken, Plattenbelägen
  und Einfassungen TL Pflaster
  2006FGSVtechnical conditions for the delivery
  to the place of use

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National technical requirements based on the EN

• Construction of block and flag pavements and of
  kerbs
• ATV DIN 18318 Verkehrswegebauarbeiten,
  Pflasterdecken, Plattenbeläge, Einfassungen -
  2010 german standard as state of the art

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National technical requirements based on the EN

• Construction of block and flag pavements and of
  kerbs in public roads
• Zusätzliche Technische Vertragsbedingungen und
  Richtlinien zur Herstellung von Pflasterdecken,
  Plattenbelägen und Einfassungen - ZTV Pflaster -
  StB 2006, FGSVadditional technical conditions
  for the construction as part of the contract

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Technical Regulations in Germany
TL Gestein-StBnational regulations for
aggregates for the layer course and joints
DIN ENProducts e.g. blocks, flags
Zusätzliche Technische Vertragsbedingungen und
Richtlinien zur Herstellung von Pflasterdecken,
Plattenbelägen und Einfassungen ZTV Pflaster -
StB 06 Ausgabe 2006
Technische Lieferbedingungen für Bauprodukte
zur Herstellung von Pflasterdecken,
Plattenbelägen und Einfassungen TL Pflaster -
StB 06 Ausgabe 2006
TL Pflaster-StB National regulations for products
ATV DIN 18318 Construction
ZTV Pflaster-StB Construction of public roads
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Standardisation / Dimensions of pavements

• Richtlinien für die Standardisierung des
  Oberbaus von Verkehrsflächen RStO 2001code
  of practise for road and pavement construction

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Further Regulations

• Hydraulically bound block pavements
• FGSV-working paper Nr. 618/2Flächenbefestigunge
  n mit Pflasterdecken und Plattenbelägen in
  gebundener Ausführung 2007
• Larger formats
• Information sheet in preparation published 2012?

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Further Regulations

• Water permeable block pavements
• Information sheet for water permeable pavements
  of traffic areas 1998
• Changings and supplements for theinformation
  sheet for water permeable pavements of traffic
  areas 2009

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Design and Construction of Contrete Block
Pavements
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National RegulationBlocks ? Flags / Slabs
L D 4 1
B
L
D

• Use
• Blocks Roads and footways, Lmax 320 mm
• Flags / Slabs Areas without motor vehicle
  traffic, Lmax 600 mm

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Classes of traffic resulting from the sum of
10-t-equivalent axle loadings in 30 years
table 1
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Roads
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Classes of traffic (without calculation)
table 2
Type of road class
high-speed road SV / I / II
major road, road in industrial areas or estates II / III
local distributor road, pedestrian area with cargo traffic III / IV
access road, pedestrian area (without bus traffic) V / VI
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RStO Tafel 3
Pavement structure of block pavements
blocks and joints
class
line
bedding layer
gritty roadbase
gravel subbase
gravel roadbase
gravel subbase
gritty or gravel roadbase
asphalt roadbase
gravel subbase
concrete basecourse
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RStO Tafel 3
Blocks and joints
Bedding layer
Gritty roadbase
gravel subbase
gravel roadbase
gravel subbase
Gritty or gravel roadbase
asphalt roadbase
gravel subbase
concrete roadbase
gravel subbase
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Example for Roads
Joints Blocks 120 mm 3 5 mm Blocks gt120
mm 5 8 mm
Stiffness modulus min-Ev2 MN/m²
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Example for footways and cycle tracks
cm
Stiffness modulus min-Ev2 MN/m²
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Upper Roadbase
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Usual Unbound Roadbase

• Adequate permeability of water required
• Material segregation must be avoided
• Fines lt 0,063 mm Maximum 7 M.-
• Filter stability between roadbase and layer
  course must be proofed

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Filter stability
equations
D15/d85 5 D50/d50 25 d, D
Particle size of aggregates mm at 15 / 50
/ 85 passing the sieve d Layer course D
Roadbase
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Bearing capacity of the upper roadbase

• BK III and IV
• Thickness 20 cm Ev2 180 MN/m² or
  Ev2 150 MN/m² Problems with water
  permeability!

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Asphalt roadbase

• Adequate permeability of water required
• Material PA 22 T WDA
• Void content of the compacted asphalt 13
  Vol., (research project 16 Vol.-)

Changings and supplements for the information
sheet for water permeable pavements of traffic
areas
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(No Transcript)
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Laying Course (3 5 cm)
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Bedding Materials

• Shape
• Roads crushed, sharp coarse, ECS35, C90/3
• Other areas no requirements
• Grading
• Block thickness lt 120 mm 0/4, 0/5, 0/8 mm
• Block thickness 120 mm 0/4, 0/5, 0/8, 0/11 mm
• Roads Category GU
• Others Category GN
• Content of fines max. 5 M.

E.g. Mixture 0/5 GU 0/2 between 30 60 M.-
2/5 between 40 70 M.- GN no requirement
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Exception for e .g. private AreasATV DIN 18318

• Areas, which are not reachable for motor
  vehicles
• Possible alternative grading 0/2, 1/3, 2/5 mm

Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Koch 29
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Mechanical Behavior

• Aggregates, dependent on mineral and use
• SZ18, LA20
• SZ22, LA25
• SZ26, LA30
• Beddings in public roads
• Material with enough mechanical strength!
• Recommendation for BK III and IV SZ22, LA25 or
  better

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Joint filling materials (Joints 3 5 mm)

• Shape
• Roads crushed, ECS35, C90/3
• Other areas no requirements
• Grading
• Block thickness lt 120 mm (0/2), 0/4, 0/5, 0/8 mm
  
• Block thickness 120 mm 0/4, 0/5, 0/8, 0/11 mm
• Roads Category GU
• Others Category GN
• Content of fines min. 2 M.-, max. 9 M.
• Mechanical strength SZ18, LA20 SZ22, LA25
  SZ26, LA30

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Filter Stability / Erosion
Requirements between bedding and joint
material D15/d15 1 D15/d85
4 D50/d50 5 D15 D50 Particle size of
bedding material mm at 15 / 50
passing the sieve d50 d85 Particle size of
granular joint filling mm at 50
passing the sieve - particle top size of the
joint filling must not be smaller than 1 sieve
size less than the particle top size of the
bedding material
equations
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D15/d85 4
D50/d50 5
D15/d15 1
Joint filling
Bedding material
Percentage passing the sieve M.-
Particle size mm
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Granular material intended as seeling of joints

• The upper part of the joints can be filled with
  another material to prevent material loss as a
  result of traffic and surface cleaning
• Grading 0/2 mm
• High fines amount gt 9 M.-
• crushed shape
• No further material requirements

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Bitumen intended as compound joint seeler
Only with joints gt 8 mm (e. g. natural stone
pavement) Bitumen 3 cm, lt 1/3 of stone thickness
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Block Applying and Finishing of the Pavement

• e. g.
• Minimum transverse slope 2,5 at each layer
• Joints have to be regular

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Crossing joints only for areas without car
traffic!
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No filling block smaller than half a block

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Filling of the joints and compacting
filling the joints by sweeping and washing
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Maximum unevenness of the surface,
4-m-straightedge

• Upper roadbase
• general 2 cm
• recommendationunder block pavements 1
  cm(to be fixed in a contract)
• Road surface 10 mm
• Gutters 5 mm

end
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Thank you for listening!
damage in front of an entrance to a bank, in
use severel days after damage

• carsten.koch_at_fh-koeln.de