Invasions

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Invasions

• World History
• SOL WHI.9d

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Essential Question

• How did invasions by the Angles, Saxons, Magyars,
  and Vikings influence the development of Europe?

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Angles and Saxons

• In the 5th and 6th centuries Germanic tribes
  known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes migrated
  across the North Sea to England. These tribes
  conquered the previous inhabitants of England,
  the Celts, and established long lasting kingdoms.
• The period from the 6th century to the mid 11th
  century in England is known as the Anglo-Saxon
  period.

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Angles and Saxons

• The Anglo-Saxons did not replace all of the Celts
  or conquer all of the territory of the British
  Isles. Mountainous or remote areas such as Wales
  and Scotland remained Celtic.
• Anglo-Saxon culture was very similar to Viking
  culture. Kings had to prove themselves as strong
  warriors as well as leaders. The tribes were
  pagan until the arrival of Christianity.
• By the 9th century most Anglo-Saxons in England
  were Christian.

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Saxon House
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Angles and Saxons

• During the 8th and 9th centuries England was
  invaded and occupied by Vikings. Anglo-Saxon
  kingdoms remained in southwest England but most
  of England was ruled by Vikings and forced to pay
  money for protection.

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Vikings

• The Vikings lived in Scandinavia, a northern
  region in Europe that includes Norway, Sweden,
  and Denmark.
• They were expert seafarers and built large
  warships for raiding coastal regions.
• In the 9th and 10th centuries they looted and
  burned communities along the coasts and rivers in
  Europe.

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Vikings

• The Vikings were not just destructive raiders.
  They were also traders and explorers who sailed
  around the Mediterranean Sea and across the
  Atlantic Ocean.
• The Vikings also settled in England, Ireland,
  northern France, and parts of Russia.
• Normandy in France was settled by Vikings and
  named the for the Norse Men.

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Magyars

• Around 896, the Magyars settled in what is today
  Hungary. From there they moved into Eastern
  Europe and plundered Germany, parts of France,
  and Italy.
• In 910, the Magyars defeated the army of Louis
  the Child in Germany. After 910, there was
  little resistance to their raids in Western
  Europe.
• The Magyars were finally defeated in 955, at the
  Battle of Lechfeld by Otto I, a German king.

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Outcomes of Raids

• Manors with castles provided protection from
  invaders, reinforcing the feudal system.
• Invasions disrupted trade, towns declined, and
  the feudal system was strengthened.