Stonehenge

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Stonehenge
?????
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How it was built The first Stonehenge was a
large earthwork or Henge, comprising a ditch,
bank, and the Aubrey holes, all probably built
around 3100 BC. The Aubrey holes are round pits
in the chalk, about one metre wide and deep, with
steep sides and flat bottoms. They form a circle
about 284 feet in diameter. Excavations have
revealed cremated human bones in some of the
chalk filling, but the holes themselves were
probably made, not for the purpose of graves, but
as part of the religious ceremony. Shortly after
this stage Stonehenge was abandoned, left
untouched for over 1000 years. ??Stonehenge
???????Henge, ???????, ?Aubrey(??????,???? ?,
?????????3100 BC ? Aubrey ????????, ????????,
??????????? ??????????284 ???? ???????????????????
???, ???????, ???????, ???????????
???????Stonehenge ????, ?????1000 ??
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ditch ?? ??? fall into a ditch ????? Be
driven to the last ditch ????? Die in the last
ditch ????? ???? 1.???,?????????? 2.?????(??)??
,?(??)????? 3.??????,??,??,??(???)??(??)?? 4.?(??
)????? A pasture hedged and ditched ?????????????
Be get ditched ????(??)????? I ditched that old
hat of yours. ???????????? He ditched the cops by
turning off his lights and driving down an alley.
?????,???????,??????????? ????? 1.??,????? 2.????
(??)??,(??)????(????)?????ditching device
(???????)????? hedging and ditching ??????? ??
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steep (1) ??? 1.???,???,???? 2.????(???)???,???
,??????,???? 3.???????? 4.?????,?????? 5.?????,??
???a steep dive ????????? an impassably steep
mountain ?????????????? a steep fall in market
value ?????????? a steep demand ?????????? ??
???16-26?,????,??? -ly ??,-ness ??
metre (1) ?? ?????????(??)??????????? metre
(2) ?? ?? a running metre ????
steep (2) ???? 1.?,? (in) ??,??? 2.?????,????? 3.
(??????)??(??????)? ????? (???)??? ?? 1.?,?? 2.?
????,????steep tea in boiling water ??? Dried
vegetable steeps slowly. ????????? be steeped in
???,???? be steeped in prejudice ?????
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chalk ?? 1.????? 2.???????????(??)????,????????
3.??????? French chalk tailors
chalk(??????)??? Coloured chalks ????? (as)
different as chalk from cheese (as) like as
chalk and to cheese ????????,????? By a long
chalk by long chalks ????by chalks
????,???,???? Come up to (the) chalk
???????,?????? Make sb. Walk a chalk ??????? Not
know chalk from cheese ????,????? Not to make
chalk of one and cheese of the other
????,????,????? Stump ones chalk walk ones
chalk ??????,??? Walk the chalk
???????????????????????????? ???? 1.??????? 2.
????????? 3.?????
cremate ???? ??????
chalk it up ??,??? Chalk on a barn door
?????????? Chalk out 1. ??? 2. ????? Chalk up 1.
?????(??????)????(????)? 2. ???? (to)? 3.
??(???)? 4. ??????(??)??? 5. ??,???
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grave ???,?? ?????? ??????,?????
grave (1) ?? 1.????????? 2.????????? 3.?????
?? as secret silent as the grave (???)?????
Beyond the grave ??,???? Dig ones grave with
ones teeth ?????? Dig ones own grave ?????
Dread the grave ??? Find ones grave in
(someplace) ??(??)? Grave of reputations
???????? Have with one foot in the grave
???????,????? In ones grave ??? Make sb. Turn in
his grave ?????????,?????????? On this side of
the grave ????? Silent as the grave 1.
?????????????? 2. ????,????? Sink into the grave
?? Sb. Walking across on, over my grave
???????????????????????
grave (2) ??? 1.???,??????? 2.???,???????? ?
???? 3.(???)???? 4.????????,??? (opp.
acute)? a grave international situation ????????
look grave????? a grave man ????? as grave as a
judge ????? ?? ????????grave accent?. -ly
??,-ness ?? grave (3) ???? (graved, graved,
graven) ?????,??? (in, on)? be graven on one's
heart ????- ????? ??? grave (4) ????
?(??)????????????
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abandoned ??? 1.?????,????? 2.?????,?????,???,?
??,???? an abandoned character ??????????? an
abandoned child ???
Journey ?? 1.(??????)???cf. voyage?
??,??? 2.????? a two days journey?????? A
pleasant journey to you! I wish you a good
happy journey! ??????? lifes journey?????? the
journey to success ????? be (away) on a journey
????(???)? break ones the journey at...
?????? cheat the journey???????? get to ones
journeys end ?????? go start, set out on a
long journey???????? go on ones last journey??
make take, undertake a journey??? ????? ???
journey by land ????? journey on foot ?????
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Site ?? 1.????? 2.??,???
3.??? 4.??????,???????????????????(Website)?
construction site ????? firing launching site
(???)???? historic sites ????? nuclear test site
?????? the site of a battle ??? ????
????,???????????(??)? -ed ??? ????? (a
well-sited factory ??????)?
Astonishing ??? ??????-ly ??
Circular ??? 1.??,????? 2.???????
3.???,???????? 4.???,????
5.??????????? a circular arc cone ???? A
circular argument ????? Circular numbers ???? A
circular tour ??,??? A circular letter
????,??? ?? 1.??????,????,??? 2.??????
circular file (??????)???? -ly ?????????
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The second and most dramatic stage of Stonehenge
started around 2150 BC. Some 82 bluestones from
the Preseli mountains, in south-west Wales were
transported to the site. It is thought these
stones, some weighing 4 tonnes each were dragged
on rollers and sledges to the headwaters on
Milford Haven and then loaded onto rafts. They
were carried by water along the south coast of
Wales and up the rivers Avon and Frome, before
being dragged overland again to near Warminster
in Wiltshire. The final stage of the journey was
mainly by water, down the river Wylye to
Salisbury, then the Salisbury Avon to west
Amesbury. Stonehenge ???????????BC ?????2150 ?
??82 bluestones ?Preseli ?, ?????????????
????????, ???4 ??????????????headwaters Milford
??????????? ??????????????????Avon ?Frome,
??????????????Warminster ?????? ????????????,
??Wylye ????, ????Avon ???Amesbury ?
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This astonishing journey covers nearly 240 miles.
Once at the site, these stones were set up in the
centre to form an incomplete double circle. (
During the same period the original entrance of
the circular earthwork was widened and a pair of
Heel Stones were erected. Also the nearer part of
the Avenue was built, aligned with the midsummer
sunrise.) ????????????240 ??? ?????,
???????????????????????? (?????????????????????a
?????????? ??????????????, ????????)
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The third stage of Stonehenge, about 2000 BC, saw
the arrival of the Sarsen stones, which were
almost certainly brought from the Marlborough
Downs near Avebury, in north Wiltshire, about 25
miles north of Stonehenge. The largest of the
Sarsen stones transported to Stonehenge weigh 50
tonnes and transportation by water would have
been impossible, the stones could only have been
moved using sledges and ropes. Modern
calculations show that it would have taken 500
men using leather ropes to pull one stone, with
an extra 100 men needed to lay the huge rollers
in front of the sledge. ???Stonehenge, ??2000
?BC, ??Sarsen ?????, ???????????Marlborough
???Avebury ??, ??????, ??25 ??Stonehenge ???
??Sarsen ??????Stonehenge ??50 ????????????,
????????????????? ??????, ????500 ??????????????,
???100 ????????????????
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These were arranged in an outer circle with a
continuous run of lintels. Inside the circle,
five trilithons were placed in a horseshoe
arrangement, whose remains we can still see
today. The final stage took place soon after 1500
BC when the bluestones were rearranged in the
horseshoe and circle that we see today. The
original number of stones in the bluestone circle
was probably around 60, these have long since
been removed or broken up. Some remain only as
stumps below ground level. ??????????????lintels
?????? ?????, ?trilithons ???????????,
???????????? ???????BC ?1500 ????bluestones
???????????????????? ???????????????????60,
?????????????? ?????????????
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????????????,??????????????????,??????????????,???
????????????????????????,?????????????,??????(Cel
ts)???????(Druid)??????,????????????????????,????
???????,????????????????????,?????????????
??,???????????????????,?????????????????????,????
????????,?????????,????????????????,?????????,????
???????,?????????????,????????????????????,???????
???,????????????,????????????????
?????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????
????,???????????????,????????????????????????????
?????????,??????????????That is more than thee
canst tell.????????????????,???????????????????,??
?????????????,????????????????,??????,????????,??
??????????,???????,?????????,?????,???????????????
?
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???,???????????,?????????????,??4,000????,????????
???????????????????????,??????????????????????1,30
0?,?????500???????????????,????????????????????,??
???????????,??????????????,???????????????????????
?????????????,????????????????
????????,??????????,??????????2.5??,?????6.5??,???
4?????????????,??????,????????????????????500????
???????????????????????,????????????,?????????????
?????,???????????,???????????
???????,??????????,???????????????????????????????
????,??????????????????????????????,??????????????
?????,????????????????????????????,???????????????
??????,????????????????,??????????,??????????,???
?????????????!
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???????????????????????????(Salisbury)???????????,
???????????????????????????????????????(Salisbur
y)????????(Wiltshire)??????(Amesbury)???,?????????
?,???????????,???????,????????????????????????,??
?????????? ????????,?????????????????????,??????
??????,?????????,????????????????????,????????????
???????????? ???????????????????????????????????
???????????,??????????????????,???????,???????,???
?????????Aubrey Holes??????????,????????????????
John Aubrey???????????????,??????,????????????????

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?????????????,????????????????????(Sarsen)????,??
?????,??????,??????????????????????????,????????,?
????????(Trilithon)?????????,??????????
??????????Stonehenge,???????????Stone?????,???heng
e?????,??????????,???????????????
?????(Sarsen)????Sarcen(???,???)???,??????????????
???????????????????(Marlboroug)????????????????(B
luestone),?????????????????????Preseli???,????????
????????????????,??????,?????????,??????,?????????
???????????????????? ????????????????,??,???????
????????,???????,??????????????,??????????,???????
??????
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?????????????River Avon????(Heel Stone)
???????,????????,??????????????,??(Slaughter
Stone)????,???????????(Station
Stone)?????????????????? ?????????????????,??????
??????,???????????,???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????,??????,????????????,??
?????????????????????????????????????????,???????
?,???????,??????????? ?????????,?????????,???????
????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????
????????,???????????,?????????????????????,???????
?????Stonehenge????????Stonehenge?????????????????
?????????,????????????????????????????????????????
???Stonehenge???????????????,???????????????????,
?????????,???????? ???!
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???????? ????????????????????,???????????????????
???????????????,??????????????????,???????
??????????,?????????(Salisbury),????,????,????????
-????,?????????,????????????????,????????????,????
?????????,????,?????????????,????????????????????
?????????????????????????????,????????,????????
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????????????????????11????????????????????????????
???1000??(????2500?1500)?????????????????????????
?????????????????????????   ???????????????????87.
8?????????????????2.1????????56??1???????????????
10.7?????????1??4.9???35??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????26.2????22.6???????82????????6??????
200???????????????????????????????????????????????
??????30???????????????????????30.4??????30???????
????????????????????????5???????????????????????
???????1?????????9.1????50?????????????????
????????       17?????????????????????????????
??????????????????1963????????G.S.????????????????
????????????????????????????2?????????????????????
?????????????????????????24???????????56??????3???
???????????????56?????????????????????????
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?????(Stonehenge)????????100??????????????????????
??????????????????????,?????????????????,???????25
00?????2000??????? ?? ????,???????????????????????
?3100?,????????????????????????????????????,??????
??????2100?????1900?,????????????????????????????
,??????????????30???????????500??,????????????????
????????????
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????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????
?(Salisbury)????????????????????????????,??????
???????,????3000?,??????1100????!???????,?????????
?????!!??,????????????,??????????,???????????????
!!????????????????,????????????????,????????,?????
?20?30???????????????????,??????????,????????????
?,???????????,????????????,????????,?????????????
?,???????????????..???????,????????????!!
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??? 1965 ?,Stonehenge?????,??????????????????,??
????? 2800????? 1075?????????????????????,1740????
??????????,???????????????,??????????????
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