INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

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INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

• DR. A LEM, FISHERY INDUSTRY OFFICER,
  FAO-GLOBEFISH
• NACA AQUAMARKETS 2003
• MANILA, 2-6 JUNE 2003

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OUTLINE

• SOME WORDS ON FAO
• GLOBEFISH/INFONETWORK
• INTL. TRADE
• ISSUES THAT AFFECT TRADE
• WTO - FROM URUGUAY TO DOHA (AND CANCUN)
• CONCLUSIONS

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FAO

• ALL ISSUES RELATED TO FISHERIES
• TRADE FISH UTILIZATION AND MARKETING SERVICE
• COFI-SUBCOMMITTEE ON FISH TRADE
• (COFI-SUBCOMMITTEE ON AQUACULTURE)
• INFONETWORK (GLOBEFISH, INFOFISH, INFOPESCA,
  INFOPECHE, INFOSAMAK, EUROFISH, INFOYU)

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GLOBEFISH

• PARTNERS
• European Commission,
• NMFS (US),
• FROM (Spain), OFREMER (France), IREPA (Italy),
  DENMARK, Norwegian Seafood Export Council,
  MOROCCO, Fundación Chile
• ASSOCIATE PARTNERS ACADEMIA AND INDUSTRY

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GLOBAL FISH EXPORTS (2001) 56 BILLION

• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 50 OF EXPORTS
• NET EXPORT REVENUES FROM FISHERIES MOST IMPORTANT
  AFTER TIMBER FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (US 18
  billion)

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World exports of fishery commodities in 2001, in
value
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Net exports from commodities
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AQUACULTURE EXPORTS

• PROBLEM OF ANALYSIS
• TRADE STATISTICS DO NOT GIVE ORIGIN ( CAPTURE
  OR AQUACULTURE)
• ONLY FOR SOME SPECIES IS ORIGIN EVIDENT ( TROUT,
  ATLANTIC SALMON, CARP, TILAPIA )
• TRADE A MIX OF FARMED AND CAPTURE PRODUCT
  (SHRIMP, PACIFIC SALMON)

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MAJOR FARMED SPECIES FOR EXPORT

• SHRIMP
• SALMON
• BIVALVES
• CARP 1 IN PRODUCTION BUT LIMITED TRADE

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FASTGROWERS

• FARMED SALMON EXPORTS 700,000 MT,
• FARMED TROUT EXPORTS 125,000 MT
• FARMED TILAPIA EXPORTS CA 70,000 MT
• FARMED SEABASS AND SEABREAM EXPORTS CA 100,000 MT

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World Trade of Shrimps, 1976-2001 in MT (live
weight)
Figures in Live weight
Source FAO
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World Trade Flow of Salmons, 1976-2001 in MT
(live weight)
Source FAO
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AMERICAN CATFISH

• 5 IN US FISH CONSUMPTION
• EXPORTS ARE GROWING (Vietnam to US)
• AMERICAN CATFISH INSTITUTE - marketing and
  campaigns

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World Trade of Bivalves, 1976-2001 in MT (live
weight)
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BIVALVE TRADE (2001)

• SCALLOP IMPORTS 68,000 MT
• CLAM IMPORTS 145,000 MT
• MUSSEL IMPORTS 180,000 MT
• OYSTER IMPORTS 41,000 MT

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World Trade Flow of Seabass and Seabream,
1976-2001 in MT (live weight)
Source FAO
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World Trade of Tilapia, 1990-2001 in MT (live
weight)
Source FAO
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SEAWEED

• LIMITED TRADE
• FOOD AND NON-FOOD
• EXAMPLE EU-IMPORTS 61,000 MT (2000) FRESHDRIED

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LIVE SEAFOOD

• GROWING DEMAND
• MAINLY ETHNIC MARKETS
• HIGH PRICES
• ASIAN ETHNIC MARKETS IN EUROPE AND US
• ( ORNAMENTAL OR AQUARIUM MARKET)

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NON-FOOD OR ORNAMENTAL

• MOSTLY FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE
• MARINE AQUACULTURE GROWING
• ASIA TO EU, US AND JAPAN
• VERY DEPENDENT ON ECONOMIC CLIMATE
• IMPORTS 2000 US 250 MILLION
• RETAIL US 3 BILLION

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SOME FUTURE TRADE ISSUES

1. QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY
2. WTO TRADE AND TARIFFS
3. FISHERIES SUBSIDIES
4. DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT
5. DEMAND TRENDS
6. FISH TRADE-FOOD SECURITY

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QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY

• CODEX STANDARDS FOR AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS
• HACCP AND RISK ASSESSMENT
• ISO 9000 STANDARDS
• LABELLING-CERTIFICATION
• TRACEABILITY AND PRODUCTION METHOD (CONSUMER
  INFORMATION)
• NEW EU LABELING RULES 2002
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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QALITY AND FOOD SAFETY II

• GMOS
• ENVIRONMENT
• TRANSPARENCY

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TRADE AND TARIFFS

• !!! FISH IS A NON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT !!!
• TARIFF REDUCTIONS OVER TIME
• NTBs (NON-TARIFF TRADE BARRIERS)
• TARIFF ESCALATION FOR PROCESSED PRODUCTS
• URUGUAY ROUND TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
• NEW ROUND OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS Doha Development
  Agenda

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URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENTS

• SPS (SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES)
• TBT (TECHINICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE)
• ANTI-DUMPING
• SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
• DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (SHRIMP, SALMON, TUNA,
  SARDINES)

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DOHA Development Agenda

• TRADE LIBERALISATION
• FISHMARKET ACCESS FOR NON-AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
• PROPOSAL ELIMINATE ALL DUTIES ON FISH AND FISH
  PRODUCTS
• FISHERIES SUBSIDIES PROPOSALS FOR GREEN/RED
  BOXES
• ECOLABELING

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GLOBALISATION

• INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
• COUNTRY MEMBERSHIP (WTO, CODEX, REGIONAL
  FISHERIES COMMISSIONS)
• CHINA IN WTO, RUSSIA IN 2004 ?
• COUNTRY MEMBERSHIP IN TRADE AREAS (ASEAN, EU,
  NAFTA, MERCOSUR)
• CONVERGENCE OF POLICY
• GLOBAL SOURCING-THIRD COUNTRY PROCESSING
• GLOBAL TRENDS IN DEMAND

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DISTRIBUTION

• CONCENTRATION OF DEMAND
• INCREASING POWER OF SUPERMARKETS AND HYPERMARKETS
• CUSTOMER TRUST IN SUPERMARKETS !
• GREAT POTENTIAL FOR AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS IN
  MODERN DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
• PLANNED PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY
• STANDARD QUALITY
• CONTRACT PRICES

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DEMAND TRENDS

• FAO PROJECTIONS 2010/2030/2050
• 2050 270 MILLION TONS
• SUPPLY GAP
• MORE FRESH FISH
• MORE LIVE FISH
• MORE VALUE-ADDED
• ORGANIC PRODUCTS

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FOOD SECURITY

• AQUACULTURE IMPORTANT FOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
• AQUACULTURE EXPORTS CREATE FOREIGN CURRENCY
  REVENUES
• FISH TRADE-FOOD SECURITY

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CONCLUSIONS

• AQUACULTURE TRADE GOVERNED BY INTERNATIONAL
  AGREEMENTS (WTO)
• TRADE IN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS GROWING, IN
  ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE TERMS
• BETTER STATISTICS NEEDED
• FUTURE RISE IN DEMAND MUST BE MET BY AQUACULTURE
  SUPPLIES

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THANK YOU !