The study of human evolution is a work in progress

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The study of human evolution is a work in
progress .
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Fig. 19-9b
The human family tree
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Fig. 19-11
The human fossil record
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Homo floresiensis in the context of the evolution
and dispersal of the genus Homo
Brown, P., T. Sutikna, et al. (2004). "A new
small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of
Flores, Indonesia." Nature 431(7012) 1055-1061.
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Fig. 19-14
Neanderthals and the colonization of Europe
Key
?30,000 years ago
Atlantic Ocean
30,00035,000 years ago
?35,000 years ago
Original discovery
Approximate range of Neanderthals
Europe
Neander Valley
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
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Fig. 19-15
Modern humans (H. sapiens) and the colonization
of the world
1535,000 BP
Europe
North America
40,000 BP
Asia
5060,000 BP
Africa
100,000 BP
South America
gt40,000 BP (5060,000?)
Australia
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Ancestry testing using DNA
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Genetic markers on the Y chromosome
Markers used on Y chromosome are Short tandem
repeats or STRs, which are usually located
between genes and have no known physiological
effect. (Marker region is amplified by PCR)
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Fig. 12-14a
STR site 1
STR site 2
Crime scene DNA
Number of short tandem repeats match
Number of short tandem repeats do not match
Suspects DNA
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Fig. 12-14b
Crime scene DNA
Suspects DNA
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Number indicated the repeats within marker region
differs among different ancestry lines
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My genetic journey as seen by the Y chromosome
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My genetic journey The Y chromosome
M168 My Earliest Ancestor
50,000 years
ago M89 Moving Through the Middle East
45,000 years ago M9
The Eurasian Clan Spreads Wide and Far
40,000 years ago M45 The Journey
Through Central Asia
35,000 years ago M207 Leaving Central Asia

30,000 years ago M173 Colonizing Europe The
First Modern Europeans 30,000 years ago M343
Direct Descendants of Cro-Magnon
30,000 years ago
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Genetic markers on the mitochondrial chromosome
(mtDNA)
Hyper Variable Region-1 non-coding sequence of
440 nucleotides contains single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs)
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Ancestry tree using mitochondrial DNA
R Cambridge reference sequence
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Overlapping my fathers and mothers ancestry
migration trail
Y chromosome
mt DNA
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Technology driven niche expansion
http//www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/lectures/index.
html