Chapter One

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Chapter One

• Egypt

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• Geography

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http//www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt
/images/nilemap.gif
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• Lower Egypt
• --near delta and Mediterranean Sea
• Upper Egypt
• --south, just above Nubia

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• The Nile
• a river society
• the annual summer inundation
• (--stopped because of Aswan Dam)
• the east the land of the living
• the west the land of the dead

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http//www.deltatoursegypt.com/hotels/egypt_map.jp
g
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• Religion

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Polytheism
http//www.crystalinks.com/isis.html
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Re the sun god ? resurrection
http//www.crystalinks.com/ra.html
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• Re was the old solar-god from Heliopolis and a
  mayor deity all over Egypt. He was travelling
  over the sky in his boat every day with his
  life-giving sundisc. He stood for life, rebirth,
  children, health, virility etc.
• http//www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/i
  ndex.htm

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Patrolling the sky
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In the underworld
http//www.crystalinks.com/ra.html
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Osiris king of the dead
http//www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/i
ndex.htm
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• Osiris ruled the world of men in the beginning,
  after Ra had abandoned the world to rule the
  skies, but he was murdered by his brother Seth.
  Through the magic of Isis, he was made to live
  again. Being the first person to die, he
  subsequently became lord of the dead. His death
  was avenged by his son Horus, who defeated Seth
  and cast him out into the desert to the West of
  Egypt.

http//www.crystalinks.com/osiris.html
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Isis mother goddess
http//www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/i
ndex.htm
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• Isis is the feminine archetype for creation - the
  goddess of fertility and motherhood.
• http//www.crystalinks.com/isis.html

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http//www.wsu.edu8080/dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
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http//gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/egypt/isis.htm
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Horus the falcon god
http//www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/i
ndex.htm
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• When Horus reached manhood, a fratricidal war
  began between Horus and his uncle Seth. The
  violent fight, where Horus lost one eye, last
  until the assembly of the gods decided to
  intervene to declare that the throne was the
  rightful inheritance of Horus. Moreover, Seth was
  forced to restore Horus eye. But to honor the
  memory of Osiris, Horus offered the recovered eye
  to his father, and covered his wound with the
  divine serpent, Uraeus. That is why this sacred
  serpent was considered the emblem of the Egyptian
  pharaohs.

http//www.cyberspaceorbit.com/phikent/horus/horus
.html
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Horus? sky god god of Egypt
http//www.crystalinks.com/horus.html
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The Eye of Horus
http//gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/egypt/horus.htm
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http//www.crystalinks.com/ra.html
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http//www.internal.schools.net.au/edu/lesson_idea
s/egypt/src/mockup/images/ra_small.jpg
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Court in the Underworld
http//www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/i
ndex.htm
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• Politics

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Timeline

• Early Dynastic c. 3100-2700 BCE
• Old Kingdom c. 2700-2150 BCE
• Middle Kingdom c. 2050-1785 BCE
• New Kingdom c.1575-1085 BCE

(Fiero 24)
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Theocracy

• Monarch god or gods representative
• Pharaoh god-king

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Hatshepsut (ca. 1500-1447 B.C.E.)
http//www.msjc.edu/art/djohnson/images/art20101
20images/chapter202/hatshepsut.jpg
http//sangha.net/messengers/hatshepsut/images.htm

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http//sangha.net/messengers/hatshepsut/images.htm

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Hatshepsut

• A woman pharaoh
• Matriarch
• Co-ruler with Thumosis III for 22 years.

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Hatshepsut
http//faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/hats
hepsut_temple.jpg
http//www.mykreeve.net/egypt/luxor/hatshepsut_tem
ple/
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http//www.crystalinks.com/hatshepsuttemple.gif
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Akhenaten (ca. 1353-1336 B.C.E.)
http//www.let.leidenuniv.nl/saqqara/images/Saqqar
a/Profiles/Akhenaten.jpg
http//www.egyptarchive.co.uk/html/cairo_museum_33
.html
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Akhenaten

• The revolutionary / heretic
• ? monotheism
• ?Worshiped the sun-god Aten.
• He moved the capital from Memphis to Achenaton
  (now el-Amarna).

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Queen Nefertiti
http//www.horus.ics.org.eg/en/History/Nefertiti.a
spx
http//www.wsu.edu8080/dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
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Queen Nefertiti

• Famous bust discovered in 1912
• Body identified in 2003?

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http//dsc.discovery.com/convergence/nefertiti/his
tory/history.html
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Tutankhamon
http//www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Egypt_GIF
S/King_11537.gif
http//www.wsu.edu8080/dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
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http//www.tourism.egnet.net/culture/images/25u179
.jpg
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http//www.artlex.com/ArtLex/e/images/egypt_tut.wi
fe.thron.lg.jpg
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Tutankhamon

• (ca. 1336-1326 B.C.E.)
• Restored the god Amon and its priesthood.
• Died at 18.
• Tomb discovered in 1922.

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Cleopatra (69-30 B.C.E.)
http//www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/Egypt/05/m
onzolevskaya/LondonCleopatra-of-Egypt-----Coin.jpg

http//www.tigerx.com/history/people/cleopatra.jpg

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http//www.fieldmuseum.org/cleopatra/photos/ptolem
aic_th.gif
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• Culture

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Pyramids

• For what purposes were they built?
• How were they constructed?
• How long did it take to build one?

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The Step Pyramid
http//ccat.sas.upenn.edu/arth/zoser/16.gif
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mastabas
top exterior view bottom cross section
revealing (A) the shaft and (B) the
burial chamber http//www.thefreedictionary.com/_
/viewer.aspx?pathhmnameA4mastab
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http//www.wsu.edu8080/dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
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Pyramids at Giza
http//www.msjc.edu/art/djohnson/art101/101lecture
4.html
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http//library.thinkquest.org/J001
533/media/Pyramid.gif
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http//www.mediaworkshop.org/humanities/burke/giza
-pyramid.jpg
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• The most impressive pyramid, that of Cheops (or
  Khufu), took 100,000 people working over a twenty
  year period.
• http//www.communityhigh.org/old/pyramids/index.ht
  mltheories.html

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• When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, his pride
  was expressed through his famous quote
  Soldiers! From the top of these Pyramids, 40
  centuries are looking at us.
• http//ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/pyramid.html

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The Sphinx
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http//ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/Cairo/Gallery/sphinx.
jpg
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http//eawc.evansville.edu/www/egpage.htm
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Valley of the Kings, Thebes
http//www.egyptology-bg.com/images/exp0045.jpg
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• Modern Day Pyramids

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Louvre Museum, Paris
http//www.neumanngroup.com/pics/louvre_pyramid.jp
g
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Las Vegas
http//nichirenscoffeehouse.net/Vegas/Luxor_03.jpg

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• Art

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Canon of Proportion
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• "Egyptians artists used this method to keep
  figures in proportion.  They divided a sheet of
  papyrus into nineteen rows of squares.  Then they
  drew the figure using the first three rows of
  squares for the area between the forehead and the
  neck, the next for the shoulder to the knee, and
  the last six for the lower limbs and feet."
• http//www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_
  lessons/egypt_art2.htm

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http//www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.ht
m
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http//www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_
lessons/egypt_main2.htm
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Nefertari Making Offering to Isis1279-1212 BC
http//www.mystudios.com/art/ancient/egyptian/egyp
t-nefertari-offering.html
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Characteristics

• Naturalistic or idealized?
• How are the figures posed?
• What about the figures age?

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http//www.angelo.edu/faculty/rprestia/1301/images
/IN038Amra.jpg
70
http//www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.ht
m
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Papyrus ? paper
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http//www.utexas.edu/courses/medweb/images/990720
0018.jpg
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http//antique.mrugala.net/Egypte/Images/Papyrus2
0-20recolte.jpg
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Some Links

• http//www.faculty.sbc.edu/lrainville/SBC/curr_303
  _art.html
• http//www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.ht
  m
• http//www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/

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• The End