Science in Everyday Life

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Science in Everyday Life
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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• We will think about what we need to do to work
  safely in a Science classroom.
• Think about what safety rules we need to have in
  a Science classroom.
• What equipment we might be using and what is it
  called.

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Safety Rules

• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• 6.
• 7.
• 8.
• 9.
• 10.

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Equipment

• These are some basic pieces of Science
• equipment.

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What are things made of?

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• Write down ten objects that you
• touched or remembered using in your
• house this morning?
• 1. 6.
• 2. 7.
• 3. 8.
• 4. 9.
• 5. 10.

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What are we going to be finding out about today?

• We need to think about what materials these
  things are made of.
• What makes these materials.
• Have we heard of an element.
• Ideas of elements and what are they.

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Elements

• An element is made up of only one
• type of atom.
• There are over 100 elements.
• All elements are listed in the Periodic
• Table and they have a symbol.

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• Elements have either just a symbol
• with one Capital letter or a Capital
• followed by a small case letter.
• Elements are either metals or
• non-metals.

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Periodic Table

• www.webelements.com
• httpperiodictable.com
• Daniel Radcliffe sings "The Elements" - The
  Graham Norton Show - Series 8 Episode 4 - BBC One
  YouTube
• The NEW Periodic Table Song (In Order) - YouTube

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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• Information about elements to complete an Element
  Information Card to be used as part of a large
  Periodic Table wall display.
• Every pupil will be given an element to find out
  information about.

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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• Lots of Information about the Periodic Table.
• We must read the Information from the
• Science Newsletter The periodic table
• and then answer the following questions in
• your jotter.
• Please answer the questions in sentences.

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The Periodic Table

1. In the periodic table, what is a column called?
2. How many columns are there?
3. What names do we give to groups 1, 7 and 0?
4. What is the block of elements called in between
   groups 2 and 3?
5. What name do we give to a row in the periodic
   table?

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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• In this lesson we will look at how some
• Group 1 elements react with water.
• Brainiac Alkali Metals - YouTube
• We will write up an Experiment Report for
• the experiment.
• Take a note on the reactivity of Groups 7
• and 0.

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How do some groups react?

• The elements in Group 7 are all very
• reactive. They are not found as
• elements in the world, but are joined
• with other elements.
• Examples of where group 7 elements
• are part of toothpaste, in swimming
• pools.

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• The elements in Group 0 do not react
• with anything. They are found as
• elements and exist in very small
• amounts in the air.
• Other examples of where group 0
• elements are
• Helium party balloons
• Neon bright advertising signs
• Daniel Radcliffe sings "The Elements" - The
  Graham Norton Show
• Series 8 Episode 4 - BBC One - YouTube

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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• Carrying out experiments on samples of
• metals and non-metals to see if they
• conduct electricity
• conduct heat.

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Which metal conducts heat the best?

• Draw a diagram of the equipment that was used in
  class to show which metal rod heated the best.
• Write down your results. Make sure you name the
  metal that conducted heat the best.
• Textbook Questions
• Starting Science Book 2 p42 q 1-2

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What are we going to be finding out about ?

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• Today we will
• Think again about the Periodic Table and groups
  as you stick up your elements onto the corridor
  poster.
• Find out two special properties of metals.
• Complete the card sort activity on metals and
  non-metals.

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Dictionary Words

• Malleable
• can be beaten into sheets.
• Ductile
• can be drawn out into
• rods/wires.

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What are you going to learn today.

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• To be able to state that the elements exist as
  solids, liquids or gases.
• To be able to describe that everything is made up
  of atoms.
• To be able to describe in words and pictures how
  atoms are arranged in solids, liquids and gases
  and how they move.

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What are the elements?

• The elements at room temperature exist as
• solids, liquids or gases.

Using the large periodic table, colour in the
elements that exist as liquids mercury and
bromine. And those that exist as gases -
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine,
helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and
radon. All the others are solids.
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• The elements are made up of particles
• called ______.
• We draw atoms as .
• In each different state, the atoms are
• arranged differently.

SOLIDS
LIQUIDS
GASES
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Remember.

• The smallest unit of a substance is an atom.
• We cant see atoms using school microscopes.
• How small are atoms?
• Using the most
• powerful microscope this
• is a picture of the
• atoms in hydrogen.
• 5 million million atoms
• of hydrogen would fit
• onto a pin head!

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Do atoms move?

• All atoms move.
• The more energy they have the more
• they move.
• Atoms with only a little energy can only
• move a small amount, we say they
• vibrate.

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Experiment How do atoms in solids and liquids
move?

• As a class you must act out together how
• atoms in a solid and a liquid move.
• Then write these ideas down in your
• jotter under your heading for the lesson
• Do atoms move?

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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• Today we will
• Start the Speyside Architects project.
• Find out what heat is.

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Speyside Architects Challenge

• A new company Speyside Architects
• have been set up to build a series of
• environmentally friendly houses in the
• area.
• The aim of the company is to build houses
• that are energy efficient this means that
• the energy used for heating the house is
• not wasted or lost to the environment.

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• Speyside Architects have asked you
• to be an energy consultant on their
• project to help them select
• materials that will ensure that any
• energy used for heating stays within
• the house.

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• Speyside Architects would like a report
• of your findings by the end of the project
• with recommendations on how they can
• make the houses as energy efficient as
• possible.
• It is your task to carry out a series of
• investigations to find out about the
• properties of heat before you prepare
• your final report.
• FIRST WE WILL LEARN HOW TO USE A
• BUNSEN BURNER PROPERLY.

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Using a Bunsen Burner

• Safety Flame

Roaring Flame
Closed
Open
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Using a Bunsen Burner

• Quiet Blue Flame

½ open
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Investigation 1 What is heat?
Using a quiet blue flame, heat up a half beaker
of water. Switch off the flame and then measure
the temperature of the water every minute and
record your results in the table.
Thermometer
250 ml beaker of boiling water
100 ml beaker of boiling water
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Table of results
Time (min) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Temperature of water in 100 ml beaker (C)
Temperature of water in 250 ml beaker (C)
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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• Today we will
• Learn how to display results from an experiment
  in a LINE GRAPH
• Discuss what we discovered in the last
  experiment.

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Create a LINE GRAPH of your results

















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Things to think about...

• 1. Why did the temperature change?
• 2. Which beaker had the greatest temperature
  change?
• 3. Why do you think this is?
• 4. Where has the heat from the water gone?
• 5. How did you measure how hot or cold the water
  was?
• 6. Do you know what is energy measured in?

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Conclusion to Investigation 1

• Temperature
• Temperature is measured in
• Heat
• Heat is measured in

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What are we going to be finding out about today?

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• Today we will
• 1. Learn how to design an experiment
• Use the experiment to find out the
• factors which affect heat loss.
• In groups carry out an experiment.
• Write a Science Report of the findings to present
  to the class.

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• Group Presentation of
• Investigation into Heat Loss.

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Investigation How heat travels from hot water
into a solid

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Boil your potato for 2 minutes. Using tongs
carefully remove the potato from the
water. Using a knife cut it in half.
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Things to think about...

• How was the heat transferred from the water to
  the potato?
• How did you know? (look at the potato for a
  clue).
• Is all the heat from the Bunsen burner used to
  heat the water?

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Conclusion to Investigation

• When heat is transferred to a solid it is
• called CONDUCTION.

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Everyday examples of Conduction

• Answer these questions in sentences
• List all the examples of conduction in your
  kitchen that you can think of.
• 2. Why do you think pans are made of metal
• (think back to the properties of metals)?

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Investigation Heat movement in liquids and gases

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• For heat movement in Liquids
• Your teacher will demonstrate how heat
• currents move in a liquid.
• For heat movement in Gases
• You will make spinners to show how
• heat moves in a gas and your teacher
• will demonstrate the flying teabag
• experiment.

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vTKF3OKxwM8g
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Convection in a liquid animation
Click on picture to link to website. Then click
on View Online (free)
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Things to think about...

• 1. What can you say about the movement of warm
  liquids (and gases)?
• 2. What can you say about the movement of cold
  liquids (and gases)?
• 3. Explain why cakes cook quickest on the top
  shelf of an oven.
• 4. Explain why a refrigerator is colder at the
  bottom than the top.

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Conclusion to Investigation

• Heat moves in a gas or a liquid by
• CONVECTION.
• When heated up a liquid or a gas will
• rise.
• When they cool down a liquid or a gas
• will drop.

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Finding out about radiation

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• Collect Starting Science Textbook
• Book 1 Read page 110
• Answer Questions q 1-5

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House Design

• Task
• As a small group, using the information you know
  on insulating materials to design an energy
  efficient house.
• You need to plan to use certain materials you
  think will keep the heat inside your house.
  However you have to keep within budget too.

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Cost of materials
Material Size Cost
Bubble wrap 30x30cm 2
Foil 50x30cm 2
Cardboard A4 1
Black paper A4 1
Newspaper 1 double page 1
Egg cartons 1 tray 1
Polypocket 1 1
other Teacher directed
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Fact for today..

• Put the following places where heat is
• lost in a house into the correct order to
• show which loses the most heat to the
• least heat?
• Floors
• Windows Doors
• Walls
• Roof

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• Floors 15
• Windows Doors 25
• Roof 25
• Walls 35

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Electrical Circuits
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Cells and Batteries
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What appliances in your house use batteries?
Lead acid
lithium
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The Founding Fathers

• Luigi Galvani (1737-98)
• He looked at the effect of electricity on the
  muscles of animals, particularly frogs.
  Electricity causes muscles contractions.

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To investigate this he sometimes used electricity
from thunderstorms and attached the frogs legs
to iron fences and other large metal objects!
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He also found out that by connecting two
different metals and putting them into the frogs
legs, the muscles contracted without any source
of electricity! Where did the electricity come
from?
He thought the electricity was in the nerve
juices in the muscles.
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You are going to carry out an experiment just
like Galvanis (without the frogs legs!) You
will try to make electricity using metals and
nerve juice enough to power a small light
called an LED.
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Each group needs

• 2 cuvettes
• Two wires
• A crocodile clip
• A bottle of nerve juice
• An LED
• 2 strips of magnesium metal
• 2 strips of copper metal

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1. Use the dropper to almost fill each cuvette with
   nerve juice.
2. Add a strip of magnesium to one side of each
   cuvette and a strip of copper to the other side.
   You should bend the metals over the edge to help
   hold them in place. Each cuvette should look
   something like this
3. Place the cuvettes in the foam holder so they
   dont fall over.

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1. Use the crocodile clip to join the two cuvettes
   together copper strip joined to magnesium
   strip.
2. Attach the wires to the magnesium and copper
   metals and the LED as shown.
3. If the LED doesnt light at first then swap the
   crocodile clips round.

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Chemical Cells

• A chemical cell is an arrangement that generates
  electricity from a chemical reaction. This is
  often two metals and an electrolyte.
• An electrolyte is the name given to a liquid
  that conducts electricity.

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In your groups assign the following roles

• Organiser
• Scribe
• Resources Manager
• Timekeeper

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What factors will affect the voltage produced in
the cell?

• Your group has two minutes to discuss this. The
  scribe should write down all the ideas you have.
  Choose someone to feed back to the class.

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The factors affecting voltage in a chemical cell
are

• The type of metals used
• The type of electrolyte used