Chapter Five

1
Chapter Five

• Education

2
British Education System

• The British education system was arranged by the
  Education Act in 1944 in three progressive
  stages primary education, secondary education
  and further education.
• It aims to develop fully the abilities of
  individuals, both young and old, for their own
  benefit and that of society as a whole.

3
British Education System

• Compulsory schooling takes place between the ages
  of 5 and 16. Some provision is made for children
  under school age, and many pupils remain at
  school beyond the minimum leaving age.
• Post- school education, mainly at universities
  and institutions of further and higher education,
  is organized flexibly to provide a wide range of
  opportunities for academic and vocational
  education and continuing study throughout life.

4
Education Before Age 16

• Education is free and compulsory for all children
  between the ages of 5 - 16.
• About 94 per cent of pupils in the UK receive
  free education from public funds, while 6 per
  cent attend independent fee paying schools.

5
Education Before Age 16

• Children's education in England is normally
  divided into two separate stages.
• They begin with primary education at the age of
  five (4 in Northern Ireland )and this usually
  lasts until they are eleven.

6
Education Before Age 16

• In addition, about half of 3- and 4-year-olds are
  enrolled in specialized nursery schools or in
  nursery classes at primary schools
• Then they move to secondary school, there they
  stay until they reach sixteen, seventeen or
  eighteen years of age.

7
The Uniform

• Most school in England require children to wear a
  school uniform.
• BoysLong grey or black trousers (shorts may be
  worn in the Summer)White ShirtSchool tie
  (optional in most primary schools)Jumper or
  sweater with the school logo on. The colour is
  the choice of the schools.Black shoes

8

• GirlsAs above.Girls may wear skirts During the
  summer term girls often wear summer school
  dresses.

9
(No Transcript)
10
The School Year

• The school year is 39 weeks long and is divided
  into six terms
• September to October
• October to December
• January to February
• February to March
• April to May
• June to July

11
School Terms
Term 1 1/9/05 to 21/10/05 7 weeks 2 days
Term 2 31/10/05 to 16/12/05 7 weeks
Term 3 3/1/06 to 10/2/06 5 weeks 4 days
Term 4 20/2/06 to 31/3/06 6 weeks
Term 5 19/4/06 to 26/5/06 5 weeks 2 days
Term 6 5/6/06 to 25/7/06 7 weeks 2 days
Total days 195 days
12
School Holidays

• The main school holidays are
• Christmas- 2 weeks
• Spring (Easter) - 2 weeks
• Summer - 6 weeks
• There are also one week holidays
• end of October
• mid February
• end of May

13
National Curriculum

• National Curriculum has made it compulsory for
  three core subjectsEnglish, mathematics and
  science and seven other foundation
  subjectstechnology (including design), history,
  geography, music, art, physical education and a
  modern foreign languageto be included in the
  curricula of all pupils.

14
The Different Types of Schools

• The main categories of school are
• local authority maintained schools (State
  Schools)Free to all children between the ages of
  5 - 16
• Independent school (Private/Public
  Schools)Parents pay for their children's'
  education.

15
State Schools

• In the UK 93 of the children in England and
  Wales go to "state schools". State schools are
  non fee-paying, funded from taxes and most are
  organized by Local Authorities (LA).

16
Primary Schools (5 - 11 year olds)

• In the UK, the first level of education is known
  as primary education. These are almost always
  mixed sex, and usually located close to the
  child's home. Children tend to be with the same
  group throughout the day, and one teacher has
  responsibility for most of the work they do.

17
Secondary Schools (11 - 16 year olds)

• Most children transfer at the age of 11 - usually
  to their nearest secondary school, though the law
  allows parents in England and Wales to express
  preferences for other schools too. A place has to
  be offered at the parents' preferred school
  unless the school has more applicants than
  places in that case it will admit the children
  who have the highest priority under its published
  admission arrangements which can vary a little in
  different places.
• Most secondary schools cater for both sexes. They
  tend to be much larger than primary schools.

18
Comprehensive Schools

• Comprehensive schools are the most popular
  secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools
  admit children without reference to their
  academic abilities and provide a general
  education. Pupils can studying everything from
  academic subjects like literature to more
  practical subjects like cooking.

19
Grammar School

• It is a type of secondary schools in Britain.
  Grammar schools selected children at age 11,
  through an examination called the 11-plus.
  Those children with the highest marks go to
  grammar schools. These schools lay stress on
  advanced academic subjects rather than the more
  general curriculum of the comprehensive schools
  and expect many of their pupils to go on
  universities.

20
Independent Schools

• Independent schools are commonly called public
  schools which receive their funding through the
  private sector and tuition rate, with some
  government assistance. Independent schools are
  not part of national education system, but the
  quality of instruction and standards are
  maintained through visits from Her Majestys
  Inspectors of Schools. These schools are
  restricted to the students whose parents are
  comparatively rich.

21
Eton College????
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
Education Beyond Age 16

• At the age of 16, prior to leaving school,
  students are tested in various subjects to earn a
  General Certificate of Secondary Education
  (GCSE).
• All students are tested in mathematics, English
  literature, English composition, chemistry,
  biology, physics, history or the Classics, one
  modern language, and one other subject, such as
  art or computer studies.

26

• After completing the GCSE, some students leave
  school, others go onto technical college, while
  others continue at high school for two more years
  and take a further set of standardized exams,
  known as A levels, in three or four subjects.
  These exams determine whether a student is
  eligible for university.

27
Further Education

• Types of schools
• University
• Polytechnic
• Open University

28
University

• Britain has more than 90 universities.
• The foremost universities are the University of
  Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The term
  Oxbridge is used to refer to both schools as a
  single entity, much as Americans would use the
  term Ivy League.
• London has its own great schools, the enormous
  University of London and its world-famous
  college, the London School of Economics.

29

• Universities in Britain enjoy complete academic
  freedom, choosing their own staff and deciding
  which students to admit, what and how to teach,
  and which degree to award.

30
Polytechnic

• Polytechnics are schools dedicated to the
  sciences and applied technology.
• Polytechnics offer a range of courses, some of
  them vocational or technical, at or below the
  bachelors degree level.
• An education act in 1992 changed the status of
  these colleges to universities.

31
Open University

• Open university was founded in 1969 in Milton
  Keynes, Buckinghamshire.
• It offers extension courses taught through
  correspondence, television and radio programs,
  and videocassettes.

32

• It also sponsors local study centers for students
  meeting their tutors when they have problems and
  residential summer schools.
• The purpose of the Open University is to reach
  people who may not ordinarily be qualified for
  university study.