ECO:

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• ECO home
• OLOGY study of the scientific study of the
  interactions among organisms and between
  organisms and their environments.

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• 34.1 The biosphere is the global ecosystem.

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Biotic Factors - Living factors

• include all living organisms (plants, animals,
  microbes)

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Abiotic Factors - Non-living factors

• include all nonliving physical and chemical
  conditions (light, air, water,
  temperature, minerals, soil, climatic aspects)

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The 5 Levels of Ecology

• Biosphere
• Ecosystems
• Communities
• Populations
• Organisms

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Individual organisms

• The smallest unit of ecological study

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Populations

• A group of individual organisms of the same
  species living together in a specific area

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Communities

• All of the organisms of all species that
  inhabit a particular area

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Ecosystems

• Includes all of the biotic and abiotic factors
  in an area

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Biosphere

• Includes all of the ecosystems in the world

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Habitats

• specific environments in which organisms live

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Niche

• unique living arrangement of an organism defined
  by its habitat, food sources, time of day it is
  most active, and other factors

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Symbiosis

• Symbiosis TogetherLiving
• Definition
• Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship
  between the individuals of two (or more)
  different species.  

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Who Benefits?

• Sometimes a symbiotic relationship benefits both
  species, sometimes one species benefits at the
  other's expense, and in some cases neither
  species benefits.

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Types of Interactions

• Commensalism, Mutualism, Interspecific
  Competition, Predation, and Parasitism are all
  examples of symbiotic relationships.

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Table of Interactions
Type of Interaction Effect on Species 1 Effect on Species 2
Neutral relationship 0 0
Commensalism 0
Mutualism
Interspecific Competition - -
Predation -
Parasitism -
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Neutral Relationship

• Neither species benefits from the interaction

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Commensalism

• One species benefits, the other is unaffected

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Mutualism

• Both species benefit from the interaction

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Interspecific Competition

• Neither species benefits from the interaction

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Predation

• One species (predator) directly harms the other
  (prey)

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Parasitism

• One species benefits (parasite), the other is
  harmed (host).