Origins of the Cold War

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Origins of the Cold War

• Ch 26 sec 1

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U.S. vs. Soviets

• Private control
• Democratic Elections
• Competing political parties

• State controlled all economic activity
• Totalitarian govt
• No opposing parties

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United Nations

• April 25, 1945 representatives of 50 nations met
  in San Francisco to establish UN.
• Charter signed on June 26, 1945.

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Potsdam

• Big Three U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet
  Union met at Potsdam near Berlin in July 45.
• At previous conference (Yalta), Stalin agreed to
  allow voting by secret ballot with multi-party
  system in Poland and other parts of Eastern
  Europe.
• Stalin did not keep his promise.

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I didnt get the mustache memo! BTW, did they
get these chairs at IKEA, I love that place!
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Oh, so you hold secrets about bomb! I thought we
were Allies Harry!!!
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Why was the fight to contain communism so
important?
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New World Order

• Create a world of nations with self-determination.
  
• Grow economically.
• Ensure stability in Europe.
• Reunite Germany, to be more productive.

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Soviet Post-War

• Estimated 20 million deaths, half of whom were
  civilians.
• Communist governments established in Albania,
  Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and
  Poland.
• Became known as satellite nations.

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Containment

• Feb. 46, George F. Kennan, American diplomat in
  Moscow proposed containment policy.
• Prevent any extension of communist rule.

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Iron Curtain

• Taken from a speech given by Winston Churchill in
  the U.S..
• Represented the division of Europe between the
  East and West.

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Cold War

• Conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union in
  which neither nation directly confronted the
  other on the battlefield.
• Dominated global affairs from 45 until breakup
  of Soviet Union in 91.

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Truman Doctrine

• it must be the policy of the United States to
  support free people who are resisting attempted
  subjugation by armed minorities or by outside
  pressures.

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Greece and Turkey

• Between 1947 and 1950, U.S. sent 400 million in
  economic and military aid to prevent communist
  takeover.

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Marshall Plan

• In June 47, Secretary of State George Marshall
  proposed U.S. provide aid to all European nations
  that needed it.
• 16 countries would receive 13 billion in aid
  over next four years.

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Division of Germany

• After WWII, Germany divided into four zones
  occupied by U.S., Great Britain, and France in
  the West and Soviet Union in the East.
• 48, U.S., Britain and France combined their
  three zones into one nation.

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Stalin closes off Berlin

• In June 48, Stalin closed all highway and rail
  routes into West Berlin, no food or fuel could
  reach that part of the city.
• 2.1 million residents had no food.

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Berlin Airlift
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Blockade Lifted

• For 327 days, planes took off and landed every
  few minutes.
• 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies.
• What other effect did the airlift have
  internationally?
• May 1949, Soviet Union lifted blockade.

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Western Germany Formed

• May 49, western part of Germany officially
  became a new nation Federal Republic of Germany
  (West Germany, including West Berlin)
• Soviet Union created German Democratic Republic
  (East Germany, including East Berlin).

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NATO formed

• Ten Western European nations, including Belgium,
  Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy,
  Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal
  joined U.S. and Canada on April 4, 1949.
• Defensive military alliance called North Atlantic
  Treaty Organization.

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