Philippines

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Philippines

• A Brief History
• MIDN 1/C Connor
• MIDN 1/C Teal

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China
Japan
Malaysia
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Origins of the Philippines

• Inhabited for more than 30,000 years
• Chinese settle islands in the 10th Century
• 14th Century Muslim traders bring their religion
  and culture to the islands
• Portuguese Explore Ferdinand Magellan arrives
  March 15, 1521 and brings the first exposure to
  Western culture
• Magellan killed one month after arriving in a
  dispute with a local tribe

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Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

• Army
• Navy
• Coast Guard
• Marine Corps
• Air Force

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Military Power Today

• Military branches Army 73,000Navy (includes
  Marine Corps) 24,000 Air Force
  16,500Paramilitary 44,000 active
• Primary military equipment65 tanks42 combat
  aircraft97 armed helicopters

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Military Power Today

• Military expenditures 995 million
• Military manpowerAge of service 20 Military
  manpower, availability
• Males ages 15-49
• 21,220,191

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Philippines Today

• Population 87,857,473 (July 2005 est.)
• GDP 451.3 billion (2005 est.)
• Industries
• electronics assembly, garments,
• footwear, pharmaceuticals,
• chemicals, wood products,
• food processing, petroleum
• refining, fishing
• Naural Resources
• timber, petroleum, nickel,
• cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper

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Religion (2000 census)

• Roman Catholic 80.9
• Evangelical 2.8
• Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3
• Aglipayan 2
• Other Christian 4.5
• Muslim 5, other 1.8
• Unspecified 0.6, none 0.1

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Languages

• Two Official Languages
• Filipino eight major dialects -
• Tagalog, Cebuano,
• Ilocano, Hiligaynon or
• Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray,
• Pampango, and Pangasinan
• English

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Terrain of the Philippines

• mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal
  lowlands
• The Climate is
• tropical marine
• northeast monsoon
• (Nov to Apr)
• southwest monsoon
• (May to October)

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Major Cities of Philippines
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History

• The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony
  during the 16th century
• Given to the US in 1898 following the
  Spanish-American War

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Unrest among the Filipinos

• Revolutionary Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo
  takes steps for independence
• June 12, 1898 Declaration of Independence
• September 15, 1898 convening of a revolutionary
  congress and proposal for a new constitution

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America takes control

• December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris is signed
• Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico are given over
  to the United States
• Cuba was granted independence
• February 4, 1899 hostilities breakout as a result
  of the actions of two American privates

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War

• Fighting broke out for more than 2 years
• Around 125,000 American soldiers committed to the
  effort
• Estimated 16,000 Filipino casualties
• 4,234 American casualties

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End of War

• Aguinaldo captured on March 23, 1901
• Forced to swear allegiance to the United States
• Insurgent activities continued until 1903
• Replacement of the Sharia or Islamic law with
  United States rule
• Non-Muslim curriculum schools established

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20th Century

• In 1934, United States
• Congress passed a law
• granting Philippine
• Independence
• In 1935 the Philippines
• became a self-governing
• commonwealth.
• Manuel QUEZON
• was elected President

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20th Century

• In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese
  occupation during WWII
• US forces and Filipinos
• fought together during
• 1944-45 to regain control

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The Battle of Leyte Gulf

• October 23-26 1944
• Largest naval battle in history
• Last use of ship of the line tactics
• First appearance of kamikaze attacks
• Philippines a vital island chain maintaining the
  supply line for the Japanese

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The Battle of Leyte Gulf

• 4 Distinct engagements
• Battle of the Sibuyan Sea- carrier air attack
• Battle of Surigao Strait- Japanese Battleships
  meet with American battlegroup
• Battle off Cape Engaño- Carrier battle, Japan
  loses 4 carriers
• Battle off Samar- American destroyers used
  torpedo and air attacks to run off the Japanese

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World War II Fledgling Filipino Navy

• It consisted highly maneuverable motor torpedo
  boats known as Q-boats
• The squadron was nicknamed the Mosquito Fleet
• 65 of its men were awarded the Silver Star Medal
  and other awards

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20th Century

• On 4 July 1946 the Philippines attained their
• independence
• Newly elected President Quezon hired retired US
  Army Chief of Staff, General Douglas MacArthur to
  prepare the Philippines Defense System
• The defense system was patterned so that there
  would be
• 200,000 citizen army
• 250 planes of the Philippine Army
• Air Corps
• 50 Motor Torpedo Boats (MTB)

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International security issues

• The Philippines is involved in a dispute over the
  Spratly Islands with
• China
• Malaysia
• Taiwan
• Vietnam
• possibly Brunei

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Sources of Instability

• Separatist activities
• Moro Islamic Liberation Front
• Abu Sayyaf
• Moro National Liberation Front
• Human Rights

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Current Status

• Democracy led by their 14th elected president
• Constitution and government similar to our own
• Muslim Separtist group, Abu Sayyaf, operating out
  of the Southern Philippines
• American forces supporting the search and capture
  of Abu Sayyaf members

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So What?

• Vital shipping lanes
• Chain of Islands
• Exposed coast with mountainous interior
• Basis for Muslim extremist groups
• Unconstitutional for foreign militaries to
  conduct operations on the islands

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References

• http//www.msnbc.com/modules/new_battlefield/phili
  ppines.asp?cp11
• http//www.navy.mil.ph/gallery/ships/index5.html
• http//www.gov.ph/
• http//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/
  rp.htmlMilitary
• http//www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/philipp
  ines.htm
• http//www.globalsecurity.org/org/news/2002/020210
  -attack01.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf