WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

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WELCOMETO OUR PRESENTATION
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Introduction

• This presentation is presented by
• Bilge Akdag
• M.Mert Kisman
• Get ready for the journey of IP Routing.
• This presentation is supposed to last around 70
  minutes. (Hopefully ?)

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Topics of Discussion 1/2

• IP Addresses
• IP Versions
• IP Version 4 (Currently in use)
• IP Version 6 (Being developed for future needs)
• Examples
• Limits
• Private IP Addresses
• Dynamic / Static IP Addresses

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Topics of Discussion 2/2

• Routing
• Routers
• Working principles
• Hardware Routers
• Software Routers
• Pronunciation
• Routing Tables
• Topologies

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IP (Internet Protocol) Address

• Unique number on a computer network
• Required for identification on a wide area
  network
• Also required for communication on WAN

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IP Versions

• IP Version 4
• Currently being used
• IP Version 6
• Is being developed for the future

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IP Version 4

• 32 bit numbers
• Ex 139.179.40.5
• _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ 4 x 8 bits each
• 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Max255
• 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
• Biggest IP number 255.255.255.255
• 4.294.967.296 possible unique addresses
• 18 Million for private networks

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IP Version 6

• IP Version 4 will not be enough in the near
  future.
• IP Version 6 is being developed to replace IP
  Version 4.
• Consists of 128bits numbers while IP4 is 32bits
• Faster routing will be accomplished.
• Uses simpler header structure.

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Private IP Addresses

• Some IP Addresses are reserved to be used in
  private networks.
• 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 16777215 Numbers
• 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 1048576 Numbers
• 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 65535 Numbers
• These ip ranges are for only Private networking
• Not for the Internet
• Last one is used mostly on routers.

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Dynamic / Static IPs

• Two methods for assigning IP addresses
• Dynamic
• IP Address changes by time to time
• Non-permanent devices
• Ex Home users
• Allocation requires a DHCP server
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
• Assigns addresses randomly
• Assigns a lease time (How long that ip address
  is valid for that machine)

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Dynamic / Static IPs

• Static
• IP Address given to a machine never changes
• Semi-permanent devices
• Ex Servers
• Mostly costs extra

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ROUTING

• Choosing the path to send the data
• Passing of packets through routers
• Routing is done by routing tables within the
  routers.
• Routing tables keep best routes to a group of
  addresses.
• Routing occurs at Network Layer.

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ROUTERS

• A device to connect two or more networks to each
  other.
• Forwards data packets from one network to
  another.
• Uses routing tables to accomplish the routing
  job.

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ROUTERS How does it work?
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Hardware Routers - Wired

• 8 ports for connecting computers
• EtherFast (100Mbps)
• Around 75 New Liras

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Hardware Routers - Wired

• 4 ports for connecting computers
• Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)
• Around 200 New Liras

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Hardware Routers - Wireless

• 4 ports for connecting via cable
• Max. of 254 devices can be connected
• 54Mbps Wireless-G (802.11g)
• Around 110 New Liras

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Hardware Routers - Wireless

• State of art wireless router
• (Kick Ass router ?)
• 4 ports for connecting via cable
• 3 Wireless-G devices in one box.
• 3 times more range
• 10 times faster than a regular Wireless-G device
• Not yet available in Turkey

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Hardware Routers

• Routers sometimes combined with
• ADSL Modems
• Most of the routers on market in Turkey
• Cable Modems
• Also used to connect more than one computer to
  the internet with current ADSL/Cable modem
  combined versions

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Software Routers

• Routing can be done without any hardware
• Software routing programs are available
• Many Linux distributions contain IP Routing
  software.
• Instead of hardware router
• You can install routing software on your computer
• Or on a spare computer

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Software Routers

• Can be done using Microsoft Windows XP
• Known as Internet Connection Sharing
• Already working without your knowledge!!
• Check it out on task manager. alg.exe
• Stands for Application Layer Gateway
• It is used to connect more than one computers to
  the internet through the main computer.

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Pronunciation

• Many people pronounce it differently.
• Everybody thinks their way is correct.
• In reality
• British speakers pronounce it as RUTIR
• American speakers tend to call it RAUTIR
• American way sounds simply Cooler

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Routing Tables

• A record of best routes to various networks
• Placed within the routers
• Construction of routing tables very important

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Routing Tables

• A general view of a routing table

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Routing Tables

• For Win2k/XP route print ltEntergt

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Routing Tables

• Routing tables are set dynamically or statically.
• Static routing tables used in small networks
• Requires little configuration on the router
• Complex networks use both static and dynamic
  routing tables.

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Routing Tables

• Dynamic routing tables
• Uses different network topologies.
• Construction of dynamic routing tables is a very
  complex job.
• Not everyone has the knowledge of its complex
  algorithms.

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Topologies

• Pattern of links connecting pairs of nodes.
• Each node has 1 or more links to other nodes.
• Many different topologies can be connected
  together (Hybrids) according to needs.

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Topologies

• Some of the main topologies

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Conclusion

• Internet can not exist without routing
• Accessing outside of your LAN requires routers.
• Routing occurs at Network Layer of OSI layers.

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RESOURCES (In MLA Format)

• Özbilen, Alper. Bilgisayar Aglari ve Güvenligi.
  Istanbul Pusula Yayincilik ve Iletisim San. ve
  Tic. Ltd. Sti., 2005
• Baycan, Tolga. CTP204 Class Notes. Bilkent
  University, Ankara. 2006
• Routing. Wikipedia. 20th April 2006. Wikimedia
  Foundation, Inc. lthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rou
  tinggt
• Linksys. 20th April 2006. Cisco Systems.
  lthttp//www.linksys.comgt

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THANK YOUFor Listening!Questions are welcomed