Facing The R

1
Facing The RD Challenge THE RISE OF ISLAMIC
WORLD TO STI PROMINANCE

• Prof. Dr. Yunus Çengel
• Adnan Menderes University, Aydin,Turkey
• (University of Nevada, Reno, USA)
• Alliance of Civilizations Institute
• Fatih Sultan Mehmet Waqf University, Istanbul,
  Turkey
• Workshop on Establishing an Islamic Fund for RD
• Istanbul, 2013

2
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY and KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
3
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY

• AGRICULTURAL Society (... 1712, Invention of
  Steam Engine, Newcomen) Occupations (farming,
  crafts) passed from father to son.
• Speed of Change Low
• Required skills/competencies Simple
• INDUSTRIAL Society (1712 1948, invention of
  transistor, Bell Labs)
• Farming didnt disappear it mechanized.
  Mechanization became the measure of
  competitiveness in Ag. Working class new
  vocations
• Speed of Change Medium
• Required skills/competencies Mechanical
  (robotic)
• KNOWLEDGE Society (1948 ...)
• Industrialization continues, but is
  knowledge-based. Routine tasks are left to
  robots. Arena of competition New knowledge and
  technology developed.
• Speed of Change High Product life Short Life
  of occupation Short
• Required skills/competencies Complex and
  variable

4
Difference Between Poverty and Wealth KNOWLEDGE
6-fold difference in GDP
Source World Bank
5
SHARE OF TECHNOLOGY GOODS IN WORLD TRADE
Source World Bank, 1999
6
INFORMATION EXPLOSION Information doubles every
4 years

• Accelerated increase in knowledge shortens the
  useful life of knowledge. Knowledge becomes
  outdated at increasing rate.
• Knowledge took 1,750 years to double for the
  first time, counting from the start of the
  Christian era.
• It then doubled in volume every 150 years and
  then every 50.
• Every 4 years the amount of information in the
  world doubles.
• By 2020 knowledge will double every 73 days.
• We are only capable of giving attention to a
  small fraction of it.
• The primary language of the new information in
  the world is English, which made English the
  non-formal language of the world. Knowing the
  World Language has now become part of being a
  World citizen.
• Source UNESCO Forum Occasional Paper Series
  Paper No. 4 (2003).

7
An Indicator of Knowledge Economy Fraction of
Intellectual Property 80
http//www.oceantomo.com/media/newsreleases/Intang
ible-Asset-Market-Value-Study
8
Cross-border Licensing and Royalty Income
Billion USD
Source WIPO (World Intellectual Property
Organization)
http//www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/freepublicati
ons/en/intproperty/944/wipo_pub_944_2011.pdf
9
Firms with Most US Patents in 2012 (Top 25)
No. No. Patents Firm Country
1 6478 International Business Machines Corp, IBM United States
2 5081 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd KR Korea
3 3174 Canon K K JP Japan
4 3032 Sony Corp JP Japan
5 2769 Panasonic Corp JP Japan
6 2613 Microsoft Corp United States
7 2447 Toshiba Corp JP Japan
8 2013 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd TW Taiwan
9 1652 General Electric Co United States
10 1624 LG Electronics Inc KR Korea
11 1535 Fujitsu Ltd JP Japan
12 1461 Seiko Epson Corp JP Japan
13 1436 Hitachi Ltd JP Japan
14 1410 Ricoh Co Ltd JP Japan
15 1394 Hewlett-Packard Development Co L P United States
16 1377 GM Global Technology Operations LLC United States
17 1292 QUALCOMM Inc United States
18 1290 Intel Corp United States
19 1285 Toyota Jidosha K K JP Japan
20 1157 Broadcom Corp United States
21 1151 Google Inc United States
22 1136 Apple Inc United States
23 1132 Honda Motor Co Ltd JP Japan
24 1118 Sharp K K JP Japan
25 1050 Xerox Corp United States
Source http//ificlaims.com/index.php?pagemisc_t
op_50_2012
10
30 of IBM Patents are from Inventors Abroad

• IBM collected 6,478 patents in 2012 (the 20th
  consecutive year in top spot). 8,000 inventors in
  46 states and 35 countries have contributed.
• About 30 of IBMs patents were produced by
  inventors outside the U.S., up from 22 percent in
  2010.
• With over 430,000 employees worldwide and over
  67,000 patents since 1993, IBM invests about 6
  billion/year (and 6 of revenues) in RD.
• IBMs patent asset generates an estimated 1
  billion/year in license revenue. But it also is a
  shield against patent litigation by competitors
  and patent-holding firms.
• Samsung Electronics was granted 5,081 patents.
  Google posted a 170 jump from 65 in 2011 to 21
  in 2012 in patents granted, with 1,151 patents.
• In 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
  issued a total of 253,155 patents, a record.
• IBM patent strategy the proliferation of
  mixed-skill teams of researchers in fields like
  medicine, public health, and oil and gas
  exploration.

Source http//www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-1
0/ and http//bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/10/

11
IP WARS 1.17 Billion Award in Patent
Infringement Case
http//chronicle.com/blogs/ticker/jury-awards-carn
egie-mellon-u-1-17-billion-in-patent-infringement-
case/53485
12
Cloud Computing 1-Million New Jobs in the US
5 March 2012
13
An Indicator of Knowledge Economy Average price
of exported goods, /kg
14
High-Value Added Technology Products
Car 20/kg
Tablet 500/kg
Erythropoietin (A hormone that controls red cell
production in blood a biotechnology product used
in the treatment of leukemia) 27 billion/kg
Source Prof. Cezmi Akdis, Director of Swiss
Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)
15
Satellite Matter copper, iron, plastic, ...
Non-matter imagination, innovation, knowledge,
skills, ...
A Technological Marvel
TURKSAT 4A and 4B Mitsubishi Electric,
Japan 2013 and 2014
Total mass and price 7700 kg 571 million
Unit cost 74,000/kg
Raw materials 10/kg?
http//www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25229518/
16
CHANGE An Intrinsic trait of humanity

• Humans are CHANGING beings.
• Objection to change is objection to being human
  and denial of humanity.

• Intelligent
• Talking
• Social
• Economic
• CHANGING

HUMANS are
BEINGS.
(HUMANS vs. ANIMALS)
Engineering A joyful profession. Exhibiting
creativity is a human-like and joyful act.
17
ISLAMIC WORLD ON KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
18
VISION OF OIC

• The challenge facing the Islamic world is to
  re-establish itself at the forefront in science,
  technology and innovation (STI), and transition
  to a knowledge economy.
• In its Vision 1441H of 2003 Declaration On
  Science and Technology for Economic Well-being of
  the Ummah in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Organisation of Islamic Cooperation OIC
  acknowledged that the Muslim world is facing a
  knowledge gap because of its deficiency in
  science, technology and innovation, and set as a
  goal to achieve 14 of the worlds scientific
  output and 1.4 of GDP spent on RD by 2020.
• In its Ten Year Programme of Action of 2005 to
  Meet the Challenges Facing the Muslim Ummah in
  the 21st Century in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• OIC pledged to make science and technology a high
  priority and called upon member states to spend
  1 of GDP on RD by 2015.

19
The 57 State Islamic World (OIC) State of STI

• The Islamic world which is comprised of the 57
  member states of the Organisation of Islamic
  Cooperation (OIC) has a population of nearly 1.5
  billion - about 21 of the world population of
  7.2 billion.
• Yet, it constitutes only
• 6.8 of the worlds total GDP (PPP),
• 2.4 of the worlds total RD expenditure,
• 10 of the worlds total researchers,
• 5.9 of global publications,
• 1.7 of global patents filed and 1.5 of patents
  granted
• all key indicators well below the world
  average.
• The OIC countries spend 0.5 of their GDP on RD
  much less than the world average of 2.0.
• The annual high-technology exports of the 57 OIC
  countries total 75 billion, which is less than
  the annual sales of Apple established in 1980s by
  a college dropout.

20
Total Patent Applications in the World
OIC 21 of world population 1.7 of patent
applications
Source World Intellectual Property Organization,
Statistics Database (SESRIC of OIC)
21
Total Patent Grants (World)
OIC 21 of world population 1.5 of patents
granted
Source World Intellectual Property Organization,
Statistics Database (SESRIC of OIC)
22
A Measure of Technological AdvancementPATENTS
No. of patents granted by countries (2011)
No. of domestic patents granted by Turkish Patent
Institute in 2011 847. No. given to foreign
applicants in 2011 5720 (87)
Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_count
ries_by_patents and Turkish Patent Institute
23
High-Technology Exports (OIC Member states)
Source World Bank, WDI Online (via SESRIC of OIC)
24
Apple Still Tops List of Most Innovative Companies

• Ross Rubin There are different kinds of
  innovation. Apples innovation focuses on
  bringing together different parts of an ecosystem
  and tightly integrating them together with
  meticulous attention to detail.
• Samsung Incorporate the latest technologies into
  its products.
• Dell Focus on relatively unglamorous innovation
  in process and manufacturing.
• Google Innovation in prototypes and concepts.
• Charles Golvin A big distinction for Apple is
  the breadth of areas in which it innovates
  hardware, industrial design, software, usability,
  retail. Apple has come under criticism for its
  products being largely evolutionary, rather
  than revolutionary.

Source http//www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2012/11/app
le-most-innovative/
25
One Country vs. One Person in GDP Generation
Syria (185,200 km2 23 million people) GDP in
2010 60 billion (2800 per capita) http//en.wik
ipedia.org/wiki/Syria
Steve Jobs (1955-2011) (Son of a Syrian father
US mother) Apple 109 billion revenue in
2011) Apple is the most valuable publicly traded
firm in the world (550 billion)
Question What if Steve Jobs were raised in Syria
instead of the US?
26
Stanford Univ Grads Worlds 10th Largest
Economy (40,000 companies, 2.7 trillion annual
sales)
Source http//www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-09/s
tanford-rooted-companies-would-form-world-sized-ec
onomy.html
27
UNIVERSITY-DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGIES (2010)

• Income for licensing (US Universities)
• 2.4 billion (Total)
• 180 million, Northwestern University
• 178 million, New York University
• 147 million, Colombia University
• 12,281 New patent applications filed
• 4469 New patents are issued
• 613 new start-up companies formed on
  university-owned intellectual property.
• 657 New commercial products created

Source http//www.autm.net/home.htm Association
of University Technology Managers
28
Good Universities Attract Inovative Firms
As its universities turn out quality engineering
grads, POLAND attracts US tech giants
December 12, 2012 By Tom Marshall

• Poland has continued to grow during the global
  financial crisis, lining itself up for a strong
  run to become the continent's next economic
  powerhouse.
• General Electric Based one of their global
  design centers here, where Polish engineers
  helped create the new GEnx engine for Boeing's
  787 Dreamliner.
• Foreign-based employers are happy with the
  quality of Polish graduates, who leave university
  with a strong base in math and basic programming.
  
• Google, Motorola and IBM also opened development
  labs here.

http//worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/12/1584
5485-as-its-universities-turn-out-engineering-grad
s-poland-attracts-us-tech-giants?lite
29
A MUST for STI Ecosystem PROPER CLIMATE
GROWING PLANTS
GROWING TECHNOLOGY
27C 70 RH Sun
Freedom of expression, Safe environment,
Respecting differences, Risk taking
ECOSYSTEM in GREENHOUSES Fertilizer, water
Proper climate (Temp, humidity, sun)
STI ECOSYSTEM RD spending, human capital
Proper climate (personal/societal rights and
freedoms, democratic environment, free
expression, being different, creativity,
innovation, entrepreneurship, risk taking,
venture capital, team work, safe environment,
center of attraction for brains, )
30
CREATIVITY The Secret for Success

• This innate ability can be activated and mined,
  but it is not something that can be taught.
• America is the greatest engine of innovation
  that has ever existed, and it cant be duplicated
  anytime soon, because it is a product of multiple
  factors
• - Extreme freedom of thought,
• - an emphasis on independent thinking,
• - a steady immigration of new minds,
• - a risk taking culture with no stigma attached
  to trying and failing,
• - a noncorrupt bureaucracy,
• - and financial markets and a venture capital
  system that are unrivalled at taking new ideas
  and turning them into global products.
• - Thomas Friedman, NY Times, March 07, 2004.

31
Foreign-born US scientists 76 of Patents
32
BRAINPOWER FIRST SILICON VALLEY

• Silicon Valley is just the ground of brain power
  and creative thinking, not the source.
• Silicon valley is merely the field where the
  orchards of creativity that blossomed in the
  garages of houses are planted.
• Knowledge and skills now stand alone as only the
  source of comparative advantage. Silicon Valley
  and Route 128 are where they are, simply because
  that is where the brain power is.
• - Lester Thurow, MIT Economist

In the U.S. immigrants have founded 52 of
Silicon Valleys companies and created millions
of jobs. (Vivek Wadhwa, Washington Post, Oct. 4,
2011).
33
FUNDING RD
34
RD Funding for Knowledge Economy

• RD funding is of crucial importance to
  facilitate innovation, but these funds should be
  used intelligently to realize clearly set
  objectives and specific outputs.
• For example, Google has concentrated its funding
  efforts to the development of driver-less cars.
• The DOE is funding projects with specific goals
  in the US, like artificial leaves for solar
  energy, new generation of car batteries, and the
  development of commercial electric vehicles like
  Tesla.
• The successful funding mechanisms of NSF, DOE,
  NIH, and even GOOGLE should be studied carefully
  together with TUBITAK of Turkey.
• The Framework Programs like FP7 with a budget of
  50 billion euros and EUREKA in Europe are good
  examples for multinational collaborative
  research.
• There is innovation even in funding mechanisms,
  and a good starting point is a careful study of
  best international funding practices.
• But successful innovation from conception to
  market place requires the establishment of a
  dynamic ecosystem among many intertwined
  components from entrepreneurship to access to
  venture capital in a climate conducive of
  innovation.

35
GERD, of World Total (2011)
OIC 21 of world population 2.4 of RD
Expenditures
Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics (SESRIC
of OIC, Gross expenditures on RD)
36
Global RD Spending 2.0 of GDP
OIC ( GDP) Tunisia, 1.10, Malaysia,
1.07 Turkey, 0.84, Iran 0.79, Saudi Arabia,
0.08, Kuwait, 0.09, Qatar, 0.33, UAE,
0.47 WORLD 2 of GDP
http//www.rdmag.com/articles/2011/12/2012-global-
r-d-funding-forecast-r-d-spending-growth-continues
-while-globalization-accelerates
37
GERD as a of GDP (OIC Member States)
Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics (SESRIC
of OIC, Gross expenditures on RD)
38
RD Spending of Countries (2012)
http//www.rdmag.com/articles/2011/12/2012-global-
r-d-funding-forecast-r-d-spending-growth-continues
-while-globalization-accelerates
39
Top RD Spending Firms (2011)
http//www.booz.com/media/uploads/BoozCo_The-2012-
Global-Innovation-1000-Study.pdf
40
Johns Hopkins University 2.15 Billion/yr RD
(Total Univ RD in the US 65 milyar 57 in
Life Sciences)
Source http//www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf
13305/
41
TARGETED RD FUNDING
42
RD Team to Improve Batteries for Electric/Hybrid
Cars
The US Department of Energy chose Argonne to lead
the effort after a national competition. The lab
will receive up to 120 million over 5 years.
http//www. car-battery-research-20121130,0,779999
3.storychicagotribune.com/news/local/sns-ap-il--

• Other members for the new Joint Center for
  Energy Storage include
• 5 universities (Northwestern, U. Chicago, U.
  Illinois-Chicago, U. Illinois-Urbana Champaign,
  U. Michigan)
• 4 national labs (Lawrence Berkeley, Pacific
  Northwest, Sandia, SLAC National Accelerator Lab)
  
• 4 industrial partners (Dow Chemical, Applied
  Materials, Johnson Controls, Clean Energy Trust).

• 120 individuals working on battery technology
  around the country will visit the Argonne hub on
  a regular basis.
• Goal To license the inventions fostered there
  for commercialization.
• A breakthrough in battery technology would have
  major implications for the auto, wind and solar
  industries.

43
TESLA Driving Innovation in Electric Cars

• TESLA MOTORS was founded in 2003 in Silicon
  Valley, CA, and producing cars since 2008.
• It has 2000 employees and it sold cars in 37
  countries.
• Produces 500 electric vehicles a week (26,000
  cars in 2013.
• Predicted sales for 2014 40,000 cars).
• Supercharger stations provide half a charge in 20
  minutes. Battery pack can be swapped in 90
  seconds.
• Received a 465 million loan from US Department
  of Energys Advanced Technology Vehicle
  Manufacturing Program.
• Repaid the entire loan back to DOE in May 2013.

Range 400 km per change. Motor A 360 hp. Fuel
cost 2.8 per 100 km (at 0.11/kWh).
Acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h 5.8 s. Price
70,000 (in US).
http//business.time.com/2013/08/08/tesla-shares-z
oom-14-on-strong-sales-as-chinese-market-beckons/
44
DOE Puts 122 Million Into Sunlight-To-Fuel Effort
The San Jose Mercury News (7/24, Bohan) reports
"The Department of Energy is putting up 122
million to help humans capture the energy of the
sun and create renewable liquid fuels through
'artificial photosynthesis. The energy
department also announced that "Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory and the California Institute of
Technology" has been selected to lead the
project. Instead of yielding a simple
carbohydrate, artificial photosynthesis would be
designed to create oxygen and liquid fuels such
as hydrocarbons or alcohols that could be
directly pumped into vehicles, without
additional, costly refinement.
http//www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_155879
62?nclick_check1 (San Jose Mercury News, 23 July
2010)
45
HIGH-RISK ENERGY PROJECTS (400 million)

• Energy Department To Launch Innovation Agency,
  Announce Grants.

46
Acquisitions Quick Access to Technology (China)

• Microsoft will acquire Nokia's devices and
  services unit and license the company's mapping
  services in a deal worth 7.2 billion in a bid to
  bolster the company's position in the smartphone
  market.
• The software giant will pay 5 billion for
  "substantially all" of Nokia's phone unit and
  another 2.2 billion to license its patents.

47
Chinese Education System Shifting Away from
Testing

• Preparation for Chinas national university
  entrance exam continues to dominate the lives of
  secondary students.
• The epidemic obsession with testing severely
  hampers student development as a whole person,
  stunts their healthy growth, and limits
  opportunities to cultivate social
  responsibilities, creative spirit, and practical
  abilities in students.
• It also produces poorly socialized adolescents
  who are ill-prepared to face the challenges of
  the real world.
• Chinas education system transforms children into
  hardworking students with an impressive capacity
  for processing factual information, like
  computers or robots.
• Give them a problem and they will find the
  answer. However, they cant ask a good question.
  
• In 2013, the Ministry of Education launched a
  campaign aimed at shifting the focus away from
  standardized testing into hands-on learning. (New
  York Times, Sep. 3, 2013)

http//www.nytimes.com/2013/09/03/science/chinese-
educators-look-to-american-classrooms.html?_r0
48
Reversing the Brain Drain Exploting Diaspora
49
Going Where the Action is/Brains are Samsung
launches Silicon Valley incubator
http//venturebeat.com/2013/07/12/samsung-launches
-silicon-valley-incubator/
July 11, 2013

• Samsung opened the doors of a startup and
  entrepreneurship incubator/accelerator nestled in
  the heart of Silicon Valley.
• Samsung will also open a new Samsung Strategy and
  Innovation Center in Palo Alto, and incubators in
  other tech hubs such as New York, Austin, Boston,
  Russia, and Israel. Samsung Ventures America is a
  1 billion fund.

50
IEEE 75 Of Cars Will Be Autonomous By 2040

• General Motors' Cadillac division expects to
  produce partially autonomous cars at a large
  scale by 2015, and the automaker also predicts it
  will have fully autonomous cars available by the
  end of the decade.
• The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
  Engineers recently released predictions that
  autonomous cars will account for up to 75 percent
  of vehicles on the road by 2040.
• IEEE went even further, forecasting how
  infrastructure, society and attitudes could
  change when self-driving cars become the norm
  around the middle of the century."

Source http//www.wired.com/autopia/2012/09/ieee-
autonomous-2040/
(18 Sep 2012)
51
USA Today Cars that Talk to Each Other V2V

• A pilot project at the U. of Michigan wraps up in
  August.
• The National Highway Traffic Safety
  Administration plans to decide whether to take
  the first steps toward requiring cars to connect
  this way to improve safety and reduce
  congestion.
• Vehicle-to-vehicle communication, or V2V, is
  heading down a road many see leading to
  autonomous vehicles.

• Its natural next step Automakers are
  increasingly adding features that slow and even
  stop cars when sensors detect crashes are
  imminent.

(1 July 2013)
http//www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/07/0
1/connected-car-technology-dsrc-nhtsa-mandate/2439
659/
52
New Lighting Technology Low-cost and Efficient
Researchers at Wake Forest University have
developed a field-induced polymer
elecroluminescent (FIPEL) lighting technology
that silently gives off a soft, white glow, sans
the annoying hum and yellow tint of fluorescent
bulbs or the sharp, bluish hue of LED light
fixtures. The lighting uses layers of plastic
packed with nanomaterials that glow when an
electric current is introduced. Not only does it
quietly project soft, white light, it's also
shatterproof, low-temperature, and can be molded
into almost any shape.
http//www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices
/2012/1203/New-plastic-lighting-saves-energy.-Good
bye-fluorescent-lights
"The light offers all of these features while
being as energy efficient as today's most
efficient lighting technologies, according to the
developers. David Carroll, professor of physics
at Wake Forest University,"says his new bulb is
cheap to make and he has a 'corporate partner'
interested in manufacturing the device." Dr.
Carroll "believes the first production runs will
take place in 2013
53
"Facebook Class" Helped Pioneer Lean Start-Up
Model.
May 7, 2011
54
"Facebook Class" Helped Pioneer Lean Start-Up
Model.

• On the front page of its Sunday Business section,
  the New York Times reported on the "Facebook
  Class," a class of Stanford students in 2007 who
  were asked to design and market a Facebook app.
• Some of the projects were wildly successful and
  "almost overnight, the Facebook Class fired up
  the careers and fortunes of more than two dozen
  students and teachers."
• The class "also helped to pioneer a new model of
  entrepreneurship that has upturned the tech
  establishment the lean start-up."
• Students learned, among other things, to keep
  their ideas simple and expedient, while venture
  capitalists began designing funds designed for
  this low-cost approach.
• Working in teams of three, the 75 students
  created apps that collectively had 16 million
  users in just 10 weeks. Many of those apps were
  sort of silly Mr. De Lombaerts, for example,
  allowed users to send hotness points to
  Facebook friends. Yet during the term, the apps,
  free for users, generated roughly 1 million in
  advertising revenue.

55
Innovation in products, process, and
servicesCost of Traffic Congestion in US 115
billion/year
http//njtoday.net/2011/01/24/u-s-traffic-congesti
on-wasted-3-9-billion-gallons-of-fuel-in-2009/
56
INNOVATION IN FOOD ENGINEERING KFC

• World's largest chain of fried chicken
  restaurants. 2nd largest restaurant chain after
  McDonaldss.
• Founder Colonel Harland Sanders first gave the
  world a taste of his most famous creation,
  Original Recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken, featuring
  a secret blend of 11 herbs and spices.
• After a lot of experimenting in 1939 with a
  pressure cooker by varying cooking time,
  pressure, shortening temperature and level, he
  developed a process to fry chicken quickly under
  pressure with great taste.
• Founded 1930 in Kentucky by Harland Sanders
• Franchise 1952, Utah
• Number of locations 17,000 in 105 countries
• Employees 455,000 (2010)
• Revenue US 9.2 billion (2011)

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFC
57
Worlds Largest Shopping Center Amazon.com
58
Turkeys Largest Flowershop Çiçek Sepeti
59
An example of social innovation Islamic Finance

• The rapidly expanding field of Islamic finance is
  estimated to be worth at least 300 billion
  annually.
• From relatively modest beginnings, Islamic based
  financial products are today being used to lease
  aircraft, and pay for house-purchases.
• Islamic finance is a genuine example of Islamic
  innovation, and is a partnership between
  theologians, international banks, and often
  second-generation Muslims living in Western
  countries who are capable of bridging tradition
  and modernity.
• How such financial innovation can support other
  forms of science and technology-based innovation
  can be explored.
• For example, through creative models of financing
  RD and early-stage companies for users,
  generated roughly 1 million in advertising
  revenue.

60
COOPERATION in RD
61
WHY TEAM-WORK?

• An Individual is weak a team is strong.
• Power and impact lies with a team of experts.
• Yesterdays problems were relatively simple, and
  could be solved by individuals.
• Todays problems are of interdisciplinary nature,
  and requires scientists and engineers to work in
  teams.
• RD is expensive. It requires combining resources
  to make RD affordable.

62
BMW, Toyota Partner On Next-Generation Batteries
Toyota Motor Corp. and BMW Group are working
together on next-generation batteries for green
vehicles called 'lithium-air' as their
collaboration, first announced in late 2011,
moves ahead in fuel cells, sports vehicles and
other fields."
http//www.foxnews.com/leisure/2013/01/24/bmw-and-
toyota-team-up-on-sports-cars-battery-development/
Toyota and BMW "aim to complete a fuel-cell
vehicle system by 2020, and a concept for a
mid-size sports vehicle by the end of this year.
They will also work together on developing
lightweight technologies such as composites,
which will help make cars greener.
63
Joint RD in Hydrogen Cars by Ford, Daimler,
Nissan
Ford is joining with Daimler and Renault-Nissan
to speed development of cars that run on
hydrogen, with hopes of bringing a vehicle to
market in 4 years by 2017.
http//www.sfgate.com/business/energy/article/Ford
-Daimler-Nissan-to-research-hydrogen-cars-4228722.
php
January 27, 2013

• Each company will invest equally in the
  technology. The companies will use the common
  fuel cell system developed to power their own
  vehicles.
• Ford "Working together will significantly help
  speed this technology to market at a more
  affordable cost to our customers."
• "We will all benefit from this relationship, as
  the resulting solution will be better than any
  one company working alone."

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FP7 (2007-2013)Budget 50 billion
RD Cooperation in European Union
Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) Budget 70 billion
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Participation of Turkey in FP7 (as of June12)
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Football Teams No National Boundaries
UBTYS 2011-2016 Stratejik Çerçeve
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FINAL REMARKS
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CLOSING with WORDS of WISDOM

• In the future mankind will turn to sciences and
  learning. It will obtain all its power from
  sciences. Power and rule will then pass to the
  hands of sciences and knowledge.
• Said Nursi, The Words (1930)
• In the future, in place of weapons, the
  immaterial, moral swords of true civilization,
  material progress, and truth and justice will
  defeat and scatter the enemies.
• All believers are charged with upholding the Word
  of God, and at this time the most effective means
  of doing this is material progress for the
  Europeans are crushing us under their tyranny
  with the weapons of science and industry. We
  shall therefore wage jihad with the weapons of
  science and industry on ignorance, poverty, and
  conflict, the worst enemies of upholding the Word
  of God.
• Said Nursi, The Damascus Sermon (1910)
• It has become appallingly obvious that our
  technology has exceeded our humanity. Albert
  Einstein

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DONE ONCE CAN BE DONE AGAIN

• As a student of history, I also know
  civilization's debt to Islam. It was Islam at
  places like Al-Azhar that carried the light of
  learning through so many centuries, paving the
  way for Europe's Renaissance and Enlightenment.
  It was innovation in Muslim communities that
  developed the order of algebra our magnetic
  compass and tools of navigation our mastery of
  pens and printing our understanding of how
  disease spreads and how it can be healed.
• - US President Barack Obama, Cairo, Egypt, 2009

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• Thank you!