Russian Revolution 1900-1905

1
Russian Revolution1900-1905

• Anna Ryan, Brendan Wu, Jocelyn Ng Kailene Chen
• 8-6

2
Describe the land and people of Russia in the
1900s

• Russias land is huge. The land was quite
  useless, only 5 was used for farming because of
  the cold climate.
• In the 1900s about 125 million people lived in
  the Tsar Nicholass empire, less than half were
  Russians. Because there were many different types
  of people living in Russia they all had their own
  languages, and their own customs. People were not
  evenly spread out throughout the country most of
  the people lived on the 5 of the land that was
  good for farming. The majority of people were
  peasants (4 of 5). The capital of Russia was St.
  Petersburg.

3
Who was Czar Nicholas II? Describe his leadership
style.

• Czar Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia.
  He was an autocrat, which means he does not have
  to share his power with anyone. Even thought he
  didnt have so share his power, he hired
  thousands of civic workers because of the mass
  population of Russia. Czar Nicholas did not allow
  anyone to question his decisions or challenge his
  power. His secret police, the Okhrana censored
  literature, spied on political groups and
  arrested anyone who criticized the government. If
  workers or peasants disobeyed the orders or
  refused to work, the Cossacks would kill anyone
  who doesnt escape. The prisoners he captured
  would be sent off to the cold lands of Siberia.

Cossack
4
How were the Land and People of Russia Divided by
Class and Wealth?

• In the early 20th century, the majority of the
  Russian people lived in poverty. Starving and
  illiterate, many of them were peasants, not being
  able to easily own their own land. The rest were
  factory workers who worked for starvation wages
  in factories in Russias major cities.
• The tiny Russian upper class was fabulously rich.
  Although they exploited them, most the bottom
  class looked up upon their rulers. The
  aristocrats ruled over a massive lower class with
  no rights and depended on that proletarian mass
  to support their extravagant lifestyles.

5
Who was Karl Marx and how did his ideas divide
Russia?

• Karl Marx was a German socialist who was
  considered as one of the most important socialist
  of all time.
• In his life, he wrote a book called Communist
  Manifesto and influenced a Russian man named
  Lenin to bring a great revolution to his native
  Russia. Lenin introduced the idea of communism to
  Russia but not everyone agreed. Different groups
  including the liberals and the socialists were
  formed and Russia split up supporting Lenins
  idea or not supporting his idea.

Karl Marx
6
Glossary
Word Definition
St. Petersburg Capital of Russia during the 1900s
Siberia Northern region where prisoners were sent for hard labor
Autocrat A monarch who doesnt have to share power
Cossacks Mounted soldiers who beak up mobs and kill people
Okhrana A secret force set up by the Czar who spy, censor, and arrest people who criticize the government
Karl Marx A German writer who wrote the Communist Manifesto
Communist A society in which people work and are paid for their abilities
Liberals Property owning Russians who are loyal to the Czar
7
Sources Cited

• Pictures
• http//images.vector-images.com/102/g604_russia_em
  pire.gif
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
  b/b/b1/Hammer_and_sickle_transparent.svg/604px-Ham
  mer_and_sickle_transparent.svg.png
• http//www.arco-iris.com/George/images/cossack_nik
  itin.jpg
• http//images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/ta
  rgets/maps/mhi/T045091A.gif
• http//www.russiannobility.org/images2/Nickolas2.j
  pg
• http//www.reversespins.com/notovich.jpg
• http//cache.viewimages.com/xc/3162918.jpg?v1cV
  iewImagesk2d41CAE2DF95708CE269B694CC56A9F87EA5
  5A1E4F32AD3138
• http//www.corbis.com

Information Russia in the War and Revolution
Russia 1900-24 Leaders of the Russian
Revolution http//www.encarta.com From Tsar to
Stalin (movie)
8
1905-1917Russian Revolution

• By
• Avril Koblitz
• Jason Woo
• Oliver Bech
• Stephanie Young
• 8-6

9
What was Bloody Sunday and why did it happen?

• January 1905 crowd of 200,000 workers marched to
  the Tsars Winter
• palace in St. Petersburg to petition for better
  working conditions. The
• workers were lead by Father Gapon who was the
  leader of a the
• workers organization, and sympathized with the
  poor workers. The
• workers carried religious icons and pictures of
  Nicholas to show their
• peaceful intent. The authorities were nervous and
  over reacted by
• opening fire on the crowds and killed more than
  500 workers, and
• injured thousands more. Lenin was happy to hear
  of this days news of
• the breakdown of law and order. This massacre
  became known as
• Bloody Sunday.

10
What changes in the Tsars government followed by
Bloody Sunday

• After the events on Bloody Sunday, riots and
  strikes led by
• workers and peasants were persistent. On
  September
• 1905, a general strike occurred in the whole
  country,
• making Tsar Nicholas II issue a document called
  the
• October Manifesto in October 1905, declaring the
  creation
• of the Duma, an elected parliament by the people.
  But the
• first 3 Dumas were controlled by the tsar
  completely. The
• Bolshevik leader Lenin watched the whole country
  going
• through these affairs from his exile in
  Switzerland. Lenin
• and his Bolsheviks would later successfully
  overthrow
• autocracy and introduce communism in the country.

11
How did World War I affect Russia and the Tsar

• Most important was the 15.5 million young men who
  were
• drafted as soldiers and went to war. This more
  than halved
• the number of people available to work in
  factories. Russia
• also depended on trains to supply food and raw
  material.
• But the lack of workers made all the coal mines
  close. This
• caused starvation for a lot of soldiers. Russias
  money also
• lost value.
• The Tsar slowly lost power and the trust of
  people during
• the war. The people felt abandoned when Tsar
  Nicholas
• left the people to go and help command troops.
  This left
• Alexandra in control of Petrograd. Alexandra was
• completely under the influence of Rasputin. The
  Tsar lost
• power after the war during the October Revolution.

12
What were the causes of the Feb/March Revolution?

• In 1917, protest rallies were organized by
  socialists. About
• 385,000 workers went on strike. This caused
• transportations and newspapers to be unavailable.
  Troops
• had been sent by the Tsar, but they refused to
  attack the
• strikers. By February 28, all of the Tsars
  troops had
• surrendered and his ministers had been arrested.
  Tsar
• Nicholas II had agreed to abdicate and give up
  his throne
• To his brother, Grand Duke Michael.

13
Vocabulary
Word Definition
Bloody Sunday March for better working conditions, ending bloodily
Vladimir Lenin The leader of the Bolshevik and Marxist
Duma Elected parliament of the people
October Manifesto Document that Tsar issued on October of 1905
Abdicate To step down from power
Bolshevik Member of Russian majority or socialist party
14
Bibliography

• Information
• leaders of the Russian Revolution
• Russia in war and revolution
• encarta.com

Pictures Corbis.com
15
Russian Revolution 1917-1918

• Class 8-6
• Name Maura Dentino, Diana Redza, Jacques Van
  Anh, Hoi Fung Ma

16
Who was Alexander Kerensky and what problems did
his Provisional Government face?

• When the Tsars government fell, Alexander
  Kerensky, a young man raised in the village of
  Simbirlse, accepted the post of Minister of
  Justice in the newly established Provisional
  Government, which faced many problems. Many
  Russians were upset with the way it handled the
  war and many soldiers wanted to stop fighting.
  However, Kerensky wanted to continue fighting in
  the war. Many were influenced by the Soviet and
  many were formed in other towns. As the
  Bolsheviks gained popularity, Kerensky became
  Prime Minister but shortly after, his government
  fell.

17
What were the causes of the Nov/Oct Revolution?

• The Provisional Government took care of Russia
  until elections could be held, but were not
  confident enough and since soldiers deserted,
  they delayed elections, losing support. Also,
  they failed to give the peasants their land, who
  then took control of their farming land, causing
  countryside violence which delayed harvest and
  started food shortages. On the other hand, the
  Bolsheviks gained support. Lenin, together with
  Trotsky and Stalin, made the slogan Peace,
  Bread, and Land, knowing people wanted all three
  points. However, the Provisional suppressed
  demonstrations and arrested a few leading
  Bolsheviks, therefore Lenin started the Bolshevik
  revolution.

18
Who was Vladimir Lenin and how did he come to
power?

• Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) was one of
  Russias greatest historical figures, born on
  April 20th, 1870. The book Das Kapital, by Karl
  Marx influenced him to fight for communism. He
  brought everyone who disliked the current
  government type to bring about a revolution. He
  called his allies and himself Bolsheviks. During
  their first act they marched peacefully, yet,
  many died. The Bolshevik then invaded Petrograds
  Winter Palace which dethroned the king. He was
  later elected President of the Soviet of Peoples
  Commission because of his popularity. He also
  created an army called the Red Guards.

19
What immediate actions did Lenin take following
the Oct/Nov Revolution?

• After the Oct/Nov revolution, Lenin set up a
  government called Sovnarkom, the council of
  peoples commissars. Being chairman, Lenin had
  the power to make many decrees to create a better
  Russia. The most popular decrees were backing off
  from the war with Germany and less work hours for
  workers to have rest on Sunday. Lenin made these
  decrees so Russia can slowly recover from the
  political and economical damage the war caused.
  The decrees made Lenin extremely popular, turning
  him into Russias hero but with a price of
  selling one third of Russias population to
  Germany for the peace treaty with Germany.

20
Vocabulary
Word Definition
Alexander Kerensky Leader of the Provisional Government
Vladimir Lenin Leader of the Bolsheviks
Petrograd Modern-day Moscow
Provisional providing or serving for the time being only
Red Guards The army of the Bolsheviks
Treaty a formal agreement between two or more states
21
Works Cited

• http//www.encarta.com
• http//library.thinkquest.org/C0112205/leading.eve
  nts.html
• Russia in War and Revolution
• From Tsar to Stalin (video)
• Leaders of the Russian Revolution

Images cited

• http//www.dreamsaddict.com/Orpheus/Images/History
  /Kerensky.jpg
• http//www.marxists.org/subject/bolsheviks/bolshev
  iks.jpg
• http//www.flickr.com/photos/sergei1971/2126397038
  /
• http//library.ulster.ac.uk/images/Karl20Marx.jpg
  
• http//www.corbis.com

22
Russian Revolution1918-1924

• Ciera Rife, William Pettersen
• Joey Cheung 8-6

23
What opposition did Lenin face during the Civil
War? How did he win the war?

• During the Civil War, Vladimir Lenin faced the
  White Army or the Mensheviks. The Mensheviks were
  his biggest opposition. Lenin was the leader of
  the radical socialists Bolshevik party as well
  as Trotsky. The Red Army which Lenin was a part
  of, gradually started to win the civil war. After
  the revolution, Lenin was head of the new Soviet
  government that formed in Russia. He became the
  leader of the USSR upon its founding in 1922.
  Lenin held the highest post in the Soviet
  government until his death in 1924, when Joseph
  Stalin assumed power.

24
How did Lenin try to fix Russias Problems
following the Civil War?

• After the war things were put in to place with a
  set of rules called the War Communism. There was
  a revolt of sailors against the War Communism.
  The War Communism was not what the Bolsheviks
  promised after the war. So Lenin decided that
  there had to be a change in policy so that there
  were no more uprisings. He made the New Economic
  Policy (NEP), which stated that peasants could
  sell their own crops. Peasants that increased
  their food production pay less tax. Factories
  with less than twenty workers would not be
  nationalized, and people could use money again.

25
Who was Joseph Stalin and how did he differ from
Leon Trotsky?

• Following Lenins death in 1924, two of his
  followers, Stalin and Trotsky, wanted to succeed
  to his position and become the USSR leader. Both
  claimed to want equality and change yet both had
  different things in mind. If Trotsky would have
  come to power, the ideals of a world wide
  communist revolution would unfold. Trotsky looked
  not only at the present but also the future
  development of communism. However, Stalin became
  Lenins successor, betrayed the ideals of Marxism
  and replaced the Tsar with a new dictator. During
  the Red Terror, Stalin used the Cheka created
  and censored an industrialized Soviet Union yet
  neglected the reasons for evolution in the first
  place, for equality.

26
Glossary
Word Definition
Reds Bolsheviks led by Lenin and Trotsky
Whites Mensheviks led by Martov
Cheka Russian Secret Police
War Communism Term for the economic and social polices from RSFSR
New Economic Policy (NEP) A policy of temporary economic liberalization in the USSR
Red Terror Campaign of terror in RSFS against party and suspected opponents of Stalin
USSR Soviet Union
27
Works Cited

• Information
• Russia in War and Revolution - Josh Brooman
• Leaders of the Russian Revolution Fred Newman
• www.encarta.com
• From Tzar to Stalin
• Pictures
• www.google.com

28
Russian Revolution1924-1941

• 8-6
• Horace Hou, Christopher Liu, Manami Masayama,
  Simon Wu

29
What impact did Stalin have on agriculture and
Russias farmers?

• After Lenin died, the economic growth started to
  decline and the peasants werent producing enough
  crops. Instead of giving the peasants economic
  incentives to grow crops, Stalin made a policy
  that forced them into state-owned collective
  farms. Also, he intended to liquidate the kulaks
  as a social class and was sent to another place.
  Because his plan required money, he decided to
  use up all the resources he could from the
  countryside. This nearly collapsed the
  agriculture in the countryside in Russia and
  deaths of millions of peasants from famine.

Russian farmers at work in a collective game.
30
What Impact did Stalin have on industry and
Russias industrial workers?

• Stalin's influence on the industry and its
  workers were greatly admired at the start. Stalin
  introduced the 5-year plan, it was great, the
  workers loved it and were excited to start the
  task they had. Even tough they had to increase
  their production at least double they still did
  it. In the first 5-year plan Stalin changed the
  length and made it shorter by 1 year because the
  workers were working harder than he expected.
  After the change the workers were angered and in
  the 2nd 5-year plan they weren't as interested as
  before.

Promoting the 5 year plan
31
How did Stalin deal with the opposition to him or
his leadership?

• With time, Stalin took control of party members
  to know about everything. Then using his power he
  got alliances and purged his oppositions with his
  secret police (NKVD). In the secret police there
  is also a organization called Gulag which is in
  charge of the slave labor camps. In 1929 he was
  the new leader in Russia. Stalin joined the
  Rightists, Trotsky wanted to continue Lenins
  plan for the New Economic Policy. Stalin disliked
  the plans, but soon got the members respect. Once
  he got the respect he voted out Trotsky. Once he
  got rid of them he ended the NEP with the help
  from the members.

Their leader Stalin
32
How did Stalin promote himself and still maintain
his popularity with the Russian people?

• Everyone knew that Stalin was a leader. They
  could hardly fail to know it, because picture and
  posters of Stalin was everywhere! His main tool
  that made him so popular was his wide use of
  propaganda. Every shop displayed his bust. In
  offices, factories, and in the corner of the
  street was pictures of Lenin and Stalin. There
  are also many Streets, towns, buildings named
  after him. The newspapers referred to him as Man
  of Steel, Iron Soldier and many other similar
  names. His name was mentioned everywhere. It also
  appeared in films, plays, poems, stories, and
  novels!

A poster of Stalin with people admiring him
33
Vocabulary
Vocabulary Word Definition
Collectives made of a group of people in a group
Kulak A wealthy peasant who owns land and hires workers
Famine Extreme shortage of food, could lead to deaths.
Five-year Plan A plan for economy or industry in which goals are set and reached in 5 years.
Gulag System of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union
Purges To eliminate politicians or others that are considered undesirable.
Propaganda Information that is spread for promoting a cause.
NKVD Stalins secret police organization.
34
Bibliography

• Information
• Stalin and the Soviet Union (Book)
• http//encarta.msn.com

• Pictures
• http//images.google.com

35
Russian Revolution1939-1953

• Class 8-6
• Janita Zhang, Sang Woo Chun Ryan Moore

36
Describe Russias relationships with other
countries prior to WWII

• Before World War II many countries did not want
  to be involved with the USSR. The Nazi-Soviet
  pact was signed by Russia and Germany to remain
  neutral in the event of war and to divide up
  territories. In 1941 a neutrality pact was signed
  by Russia and Japan as insurance in case they
  would be attacked. Once Stalin lead the
  Comintern, an alliance of Communist country
  designed to make sure they obeyed Soviet rule,
  Russia became really good friends with several
  countries including China.

Signing the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
Stalin signing the Nazi-Soviet pact
37
What impact did WWII have on Russia and Stalins
power?

• WWII changed the Russian armys reputation
  from an average army to the superpowers. The
  scorched earth policy used by the Soviet people
  during the war caused more death and destruction
  than ever before suffered. Stalin instituted a
  policy of isolation from the West known as the
  Iron Curtain. This prevented Russians from
  traveling and involved rigid censorship therefore
  limiting the freedom of the people. In order to
  solidify authority, Stalin worked at building up
  a feeling of nationalism by glorifying past
  heroes.
• Even though many groups of people thought
  Stalin was a cruel leader, he is still Russias
  well known famous leader of all times. He Stalin
  solidified Russia thus having part in what Russia
  is today.

1941 Joseph Stalin calls for a scorch earth
policy in broadcast.
The Iron Curtain divided up Europe.
38
What actions did Stalin take following WWII to
rebuild and extend Russias power?

• To direct task of reconstruction, Stalin
  announced a fourth Five-Year Plan which was that
  of complete military armament. Massive amounts of
  money and resources were pumped into the defense
  industry. Through Stalin, as the head of the
  Comintern, directed the Soviet Union from a
  backwards country to a first rate industrial and
  military power. With all the uproar in Europe and
  the thunder heads of war gathering, Stalin turned
  his attention towards modernizing the Red Army.
  Stalin ordered one of the largest military build
  ups and defensive programs that the world had
  ever seen. Under the fourth Five-Year Plan,
  Preparations were made by reconstructing a modern
  defense industry, military aviation, an
  up-to-date navy, civil-defense training for the
  whole population.

Stalin modernized the Russian Red Army turning it
into a bigger and stronger army.
39
Glossary
Word Definition
Comintern An alliance of Communist countries designed to make sure they obeyed Soviet rule.
Nazi-Soviet Pact An agreement signed August 1939 between Germany and Russia to remain neutral in the event of war and to divide up territories. The pact ended when Germany invaded Russia in 1940.
Neutrality Pact April 1941, Japanese signed a neutrality pact with the USSR as insurance against an attack from that direction if they were to come into conflict with Britain or the US. When Germany invaded Russia, Japan broke the pact and joined the West.
Scorched Earth Policy A policy of destroying crop or buildings, especially by burning, or of removing anything that might be useful to an advancing enemy in wartime.
Reconstruction The reconstruction of the fourth Five-Year Plan put great emphasis on building up heavy industry and the transport system, and not much emphasis on consumer goods.
Iron Curtain A policy of isolation setup by the USSR after WWII that involved rigid censorship and restrictions on travel.
40
Works Cited

• Information
• "MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia, Dictionary,
  Atlas, and Homework." 2000. Microsoft.
  lthttp//www.encarta.msn.comgt.
• Brooman, Josh. Stalin And The Soviet Union The
  USSR 1924-53. Longman Twentieth-Century History
  Series.

• Pictures
• "Corbis stock photography and digital
  pictures." Corbis Corporation. lthttp//www.corbis.
  comgt.
• "Google Image Search." 2000. Google.
  lthttp//images.google.com/gt.