Structural hierarchy in proteins

1
Structural hierarchy in proteins
2
The reaction of dansyl chloride in end group
analysis
3
The hypothetical rate of the carboxypeptidase-cata
lyzed release of amino acids all bonds cleaved
at the same rate
4
The hypothetical rate of the carboxypeptidase-cata
lyzed release of amino acids Ser slow, Tyr
fast, and Leu intermediate
5
Specificities of various exopeptidases
6
Specificities of various endopeptidases
7
Edman degradation
8
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain
9
Primary structure of bovine insulin
10
Flow diagram for polypeptide synthesis by the
solid phase method
11
Amino acids with benzyl-protected side chains and
Boc-protected a-amino groups
12
Connecting two peptides native chemical ligation
13
END
14
Amino Acid Sequences of Cytochromes c from 38
species
15
Amino Acid Sequences of Cytochromes c from 38
Species
16
Amino Acid Difference Matrix for 26 Species of
Cytochrome ca
17
The PAM-250 Log Odds Substitution Matrix
18
Flow diagram of the chain-terminator (dideoxy)
method of DNA sequencing
19
Autoradiograph of a sequencing gel
20
A portion of the output of a four reaction/one
gel sequencing system
21
Genome sequencing strategies
22
Scanning electron microscope of human
erythrocytes. (a) Normal human erythrocytes
revealing their biconcave disklike shape
23
Scanning electron microscope of human
erythrocytes. (b) Sickled erythrocytes from an
individual with sickle-cell anemia
24
A map indicating the regions of the world where
malaria caused by P. falciparum was prevalent
before 1930
25
Phylogenic tree of cytochrome c
26
Rates of evolution of four unrelated proteins
27
A phylogenetic tree for cytochrome c
28
Phylogenetic tree of the globin family
29
Rate of sequence change in evolving proteins. (a)
Protein evolving at random and that initially
consists of 5 each of the 20 standard amino
acid residues
30
Rate of sequence change in evolving proteins. (b)
A protein of average amino acid composition
evolving as is observed in nature
31
Sequence alignment with dot matrices
32
The optical alignments of human myoglobin (Mb,
153 residues) and the human hemoglobin a chain
(Hba, 141 residues)
33
A guide to the significance of normalized
alignment scores (NAS) in the comparison of
peptide sequences
34
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm
alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal)
with 11-residue peptide (vertical). (a)
Comparison matrix
35
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm
alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal)
with 11-residue peptide (vertical). (b)
Transforming the matrix
36
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm
alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal)
with 11-residue peptide (vertical). (c)
Transformed matrix
37
Phylogenetic trees
38
An unrooted phylogenetic tree of the five HIPIP
sequences that are aligned in Fig. 7-30c
39
Manipulations employed in the neighbor-joining
method for the construction of a phylogenetic tree
40
A DNA chip
41
The photolithographic synthesis of a DNA chip
42
Variation in the expression of genes that encode
proteins known as cyclins (Section 34-4C) in
human tissues
43
(No Transcript)
44
Some Sequenced Genomes
45
Some Sequenced Genomes
46
Amino acid analysis via HPLC
47
The generation of the gas phase ions required for
the mass spectrometric analysis of proteins
electrospray ionization (ESI)
48
The generation of the gas phase ions required for
the mass spectrometric analysis of proteins
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
(MALDI)
49
The generation of the gas phase ions required for
the mass spectrometric analysis of proteins
fast atom bombardment (FAB)
50
The ESI-MS spectrum of the 17 kD horse heart
protein apomyoglobin
51
The use of a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) in
amino acid sequencing
52
Peptide mapping
53
The tandem mass spectrum of the doubly charged
ion of the 14-residue human Glu1fibrinopeptide
B (m/z 786)
54
Peptide mapping
55
Sequence determination of an oligonucleotide by
partial digestion with snake venom
phosphodiesterase
56
Use of the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm
alignment of 10-residue peptide (horizontal)
with 11-residue peptide (vertical). (d)
Alignment
57
Examples of peptide sequence alignments
58
Reaction cycle in the phosphoramidite method of
oligonucleotide synthesis
59
World Wide Web Addresses for the Major Protein
and DNA Sequence Data Banks