Public Interaction

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Public Interaction

• Computer Systems in Desiging

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Public Interaction
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Computer Systems in designing
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Computer Systems in designing

• CAD Computer Aided Drafting and Designing
• including Rapid Prototyping SLA, SLS or 3D
  printing
• CAM Computer Aided Maufacturing
• CNC Computer Numerically Controlled
• CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• SPC Statistical Process Control
• Concurrent Engineering

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Computer Systems in designing
EXCEL, DATA capture, Measurements, Word
Processing, EMAIL
Word processing, Internet research, EMAIL, text
EXCEL, DATA capture, Measurements, logging,
weighing, speed, EMAIL, NETWORKS, LAN, WAN
Word processing, Internet research, EMAIL, text
Word processing, Internet research, EMAIL, text,
excel, Models generated on PC
EXCEL, planning software, EMAIL, TEXT
2D, Prodesktop, AutoCad Inventor, Corel draw,
EMAIL, Printers, SLS, Rapid prototypes, 3D
printing
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CADD
Producing IDEAS
Emailed
Emailed
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SLS selective laser sintering
Selective laser sintering is an additive rapid
manufacturing technique that uses a high power
laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to
fuse small particles of plastic, metal, or
ceramic powders into a mass representing a
desired 3-dimensional object. The laser
selectively fuses powdered material by scanning
cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital
description of the part (for example from a CAD
file or scan data) on the surface of a powder
bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the
powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a
new layer of material is applied on top, and the
process is repeated until the part is completed
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Stereo lithography

• Stereo lithography is a common rapid
  manufacturing and rapid prototyping technology
  for producing parts with high accuracy and good
  surface finish. A device that performs stereo
  lithography is called an SLA or Stereo
  lithography Apparatus. Stereo lithography is an
  additive fabrication process utilizing a vat of
  liquid UV-curable photopolymer "resin" and a UV
  laser to build parts a layer at a time. On each
  layer, the laser beam traces a part cross-section
  pattern on the surface of the liquid resin.
  Exposure to the UV laser light cures, or,
  solidifies the pattern traced on the resin and
  adheres it to the layer below

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CAD to RP

• To get the idea prototyped requires one other
  piece of software
• Autocad ? slice ? SLA
• The slice software takes the design and cuts it
  in to thin layers so that each layer can be
  processed in turn by the SLA or LS process.

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CAM
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CNC

• The abbreviation CNC stands for computer
  numerical control, and refers specifically to a
  computer "controller" that reads G-code
  instructions and drives a machine tool, a powered
  mechanical device typically used to fabricate
  components by the selective removal of material.
• CNC does numerically directed interpolation of a
  cutting tool in the work envelope of a machine.
  The operating parameters of the CNC can be
  altered via a software load program.

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CNC turning centre
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CNC Milling Machine
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CIM

• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a
  method of manufacturing in which the entire
  production process is controlled by computer.
  Typically, it relies on closed-loop control
  processes, based on real-time input from sensors.
  It is also known as flexible design and
  manufacturing.

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CIM
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CIM

• A CIM system is not the same as a "lights out"
  factory, which would run completely independent
  of human intervention, although it is a big step
  in that direction. Part of the system involves
  flexible manufacturing, where the factory can be
  quickly modified to produce different products,
  or where the volume of products can be changed
  quickly with the aid of computers.

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CIM

• Some or all of the following subsystems may be
  found in a CIM operation
• CAD/CAM (Computer-aided design/Computer-aided
  manufacturing)
• CAPP, (Computer-aided process planning)
• ERP (Enterprise resource planning)
• CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools
• DNC, direct numerical control machine tools
• FMS, flexible machining systems
• ASRS, automated storage and retrieval systems
• AGV, automated guided vehicles
• Robotics
• Automated conveyance systems
• Computerized scheduling and production control
• CAQ (Computer-aided quality assurance)
• A business system integrated by a common
  database.
• Lean Manufacturing

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SPC

• Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an effective
  method of monitoring a process through the use of
  control charts. Control charts enable the use of
  objective criteria for distinguishing background
  variation from events of significance based on
  statistical techniques. Much of its power lies in
  the ability to monitor both process centre and
  its variation about that centre, also known as a
  setpoint.

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SPC

• By collecting data from samples at various points
  within the process, variations in the process
  that may affect the quality of the end product or
  service can be detected and corrected, thus
  reducing waste as well as the likelihood that
  problems will be passed on to the customer.
• With its emphasis on early detection and
  prevention of problems, SPC has a distinct
  advantage over quality methods, such as
  inspection, that apply resources to detecting and
  correcting problems in the end product or
  service.

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SPC PID curves
Overshoot Acceptable response Undershoot
This could be graph of temperature of a furnace,
for example. The Blue is the desired response and
the green is the actual. However if the control
system is not setup correctly you can get
overshoot or undershoot
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Concurrent Engineering

• A system of design that organises tasks in
  parallel. Any changes made to one CAD file will
  be accessible by all.
• AND
• If the changes affect any other files they will
  automatically update as well.
• For example, consider designers of a CAR working
  in various countries of the world on various
  different tasks.

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Concurrent engineering
Networked Master Copy of all CAD files Generated
Designers of Engine
Manufacturing
Designers of Body
Designers of Electrics
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Concurrent engineering
change
Networked Master Copy of all CAD files Generated
Designers of Engine
Manufacturing
Designers of Body
Designers of Electrics
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Concurrent engineering
change
Networked Master Copy of all CAD
files Generated Changes
Designers of Engine
Manufacturing
Designers of Body
Designers of Electrics
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Concurrent engineering
change
Networked Master Copy of all CAD
files Generated Changes
Designers of Engine
Manufacturing
Designers of Body
Changes
Designers of Electrics
Changes
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Ethical Issues of Using CAD

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

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Ethical Issues of Using CAM

• Advantages

• Disadvantages