??? ?????? ?? Nucleic Acid structure and Function

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???????????Nucleic Acid structure and Function

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??????
?????????
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????????
nucleic acid
RNA(ribonucleic acid)
DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)
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• DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)
• RNA(ribonucleic acid)

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???????

• 1869?,?????Miescher?????????????????????? ? ?? ?
  ? ?, ?????? (nuclein)?
• 1889?,Altmann?????????????,???????(nucleic
  acid)?????

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???????

• 1928-1932?,???????????????
• 1944?,???????,??
• ?? ? ????
  
• 1953?,Waston?Crick????????,???????????????

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???????

• ????????????????????,????????????,?????,?????????

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DNA is the carrier of genetic information
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? ? ? ? ? ?
??
???
? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
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Ribose and Deoxyribose
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??? ???????
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??? ???????

?? ??
???? ?? ????
??    

??
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???????
DNARNA

• Nucleic acid
• ?
• nucleotide
• ?
• phosphate nucleoside
• ?
• base pentose
• ?

purine ?pyrimidine
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The structure of base
??????????????
??
??
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???????

• ??-??
• CO C-OH
• N N
• ??-???
• C-NH2 CNH2
  
• HN HN
• ???pH??

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???????

• 260nm?????????
• ????????

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Ribose and Deoxyribose
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pentose
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• ?????????????????????

??
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???
?????????????????????
????????? ????? ??1????????????????(NMP),?CMP ??2
????????????????(NDP),?GDP ??3????????????????(NTP
),?ATP
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???

• ????????????????????
• ATP????????????????
• ????NAD?FAD???A???????
• cAMP?cGMP???????????????????

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????????
AMP
Adenosine ADP
ATP
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??????????
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??????
(???)
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DNA?????
DNA????????3,5-???????????????????,????????5-?
?(?????)?3-??(????)???DNA???????????? ??????????
??????????,??DNA??????????????????????
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DNA?????
5
3
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???????

• 5??(?) 3??(?)
• AUGGC?AGUGC???????,?????????????

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??? DNA????????
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Chargaff ??

• ??????????????,?????????????,
  ? AT,GC
• ???????DNA,???????
• ??????????????DNA??????????
• ?? A?T,G?C?????????????

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• DNA??????

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DNA??????

• DNA???????????????????,?????????
• ?-?????????,??????????????0.34nm??????10???,???3.4
  nm?
• ???????????????
• ????G C A T?
• ????????????
• ??????-?????

B?-DNA
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DNA?????

• ??????????????????DNA???????????,???????

?????
???
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DNA?????

• ?????DNA????????????
• ?DNA????????????????
• ???H2A?H2B?H3?H4??????????,???140-145????DNA??????
  ????
• H1???????????,????????

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DNA?????
???
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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DNA???

• ????DNA????????,???????????,?????????????
• DNA?????????????????????????
• ??????????????????

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• DNA?????????,????????????????????RNA,???????
  ??????????????
• DNA is the storehouse,or cellular library
  that contains the information required to build a
  cell or organism.

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????DNA???
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??? RNA????????
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RNA??????
??RNA??????????,??????????????????????
???????RNA??????
????????
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????RNA( mRNA)
??DNA?????RNA????RNA (mRNA)? ????????mRNA???????RN
A(hnRNA),????????mRNA??????(intron)?????,?????(ext
ron)?????,???????
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(No Transcript)
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mRNA?????

• ?.?????mRNA?5-???????????????mRNA????????mRNA????
  ??5??????,?????????????
• ?.??????mRNA?3-??200??????????(Poly
  A),???????mRNA?????????????

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m7GpppG
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mRNA???

• mRNA???????DNA?????(?????)????????,?????????,????
  ??????????????? mRNA???????????????????

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????RNA( tRNA) tRNA????? tRNA????????????DHU???m
G? mA? ???tRNA?????????,???????????????????,??????
?????????tRNA???????????? tRNA??3?????DHU??T?C????
?? tRNA????????L?,???????,????????
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tRNA???

• ?????????????????,??mRNA??????
  ??????????mRNA????

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tRNA??????
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tRNA?????

• tRNA????? ???L???,?3???CAA-OH?????????,??????????
  
• tRNA?????????????????????

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??????RNA( rRNA) rRNA????????????????????????? rR
NA ???????,?????rRNA?4?,????????28S?58S?5S?18S????
70????????????????????? rRNA????????????
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????(ribozyme)

• rRNA???????????????,????RNA??????????RNA?????,????
  ????????????????

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??????????????
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??????? ??????????????? ??DNA????,??????????
RNA???DNA?,?????????DNA?   ????????
???????????????,?260nm????????????
????280nm????????,???????260nm?280nm?????(A)??????
??????
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DNA?????????

• ??
• ??
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ??
• ??

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DNA?????????

• ??
• ??
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ??
• ??

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???????? (?)?? DNA?????????????,??DNA???????????,?
??DNA???????????? ??DNA?????????????????
???????????????????? 2.?????????(Tm)?
3.GC????,Tm???AT????,Tm???? (?)?? 1.???????????
????,??DNA??????? 2.?????Tm?25??
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?????

• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????DNA??,???????????

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?????
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?????????

• OD260 ????gt??DNAgt??DNA
• DNA???,???OD260??,???????
• ?????????????????,?????(Tm)?
• ?????????,????DNA??????????,????????(annealing)

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(No Transcript)
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??

• ?????DNA?????????????,????DNA?RNA????,???????,???
  ????????????????
• ??????

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??????????????????????????????????????,????
???????????????????????????????????  
??????????? Southern ?????Northern ????
????????? ????(??????????????
???????) ????
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??

• ????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????,????????

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??

• ????????????????????????????????
• ??(probe)?????????????????????????
• ??????????????????Southern blotting?Northern
  blotting??????DNA?????????????

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??? ????????????

• Alu I .AGCT.. .AG CT...
• ..TCGA.. .TC GA...
• ?
• ?
• BamH I GGATCC ...G GATTC...
• ...CCTAGG CCTAG G...
• ?

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? ?

• DNA?????????
• ??????
• ???????
• ??????????
• RNA??????
• mRNA????????
• tRNA?????L????????
• rRNA?????????
• DNA?RNA???