A Definition of Biometrics

1
A Definition of Biometrics

• Biometrics can be defined as
• The process of identifying and verifying people
  based upon their unique biological and unique
  behavioral features

2
The Two Major Types of Biometrics

• There are two major types of biometrics
• Physical biometrics
• The biological data that is captured-includes
  the unique features from the finger, the hand,
  the face, the eye, and the voice.
• Behavioral biometrics
• The non-biological data that is
  captured-includes the unique features from the
  way we sign our name and the way we type.

3
The Biometric Technologies

• Physical Biometric Technologies
• Hand Geometry Recognition
• Fingerprint Recognition
• Facial Recognition
• Voice Recognition
• Iris/Retinal Recognition
• Behavioral Biometric Technologies
• Signature Recognition
• Keystroke Recognition

4
Physical BiometricsHand Geometry Recognition
Technology

• Works by extracting a 3-D image of the hand (the
  top and sides), 96 measurements are taken
• Recognized as probably the oldest biometric
  technology
• Popular applications include physical access
  entry and time/attendance applications
• Disadvantages Cannot be used for high security
  situations, not enough unique features in
  hand

5
Physical BiometricsFingerprint Recognition
Technology

• Has been around a very long time, along with hand
  geometry scanning
• Works by extracting the the breaks and
  discontinuities in the valleys and ridges of the
  fingerprint-also known as the minutae
• Most popular application is physical access
  entry, and Single Sign On Solutions for network
  security
• Disadvantages An extremely damaged
  fingerprint will be rendered useless

6
Physical BiometricsFacial Recognition Technology

• Has received the most attention since 9/11
• Misconception that Facial Recognition will be as
  good or even better than the Human Brain for
  verification and identification of individuals
• Works by taking many images of the face, and
  extracting unique features of the ears, eyes,
  nose, mouth, and cheeks
• Popular venues for Facial Recognition include
  casinos and airports
• Disadvantages privacy rights issues, changes in
  the environmental settings, and physical changes
  in the features of the face-such as weight
  gain/loss, addition or removal of facial hair,
  etc.

7
Physical BiometricsVoice Recognition Technology

• Works by recognizing the unique characteristics
  of the voice
• Text phrase is recited numerous times, and voice
  inflections are captured
• Popular applications telephony based
  verifications (such as accessing credit card
  account info, conducting financial transactions,
  trading financial instruments, etc.)
• Disadvantages extraneous noises in the
  environment and physical ailments (cold or flu)
  of user

8
Physical BiometricsIris/Retinal Recognition
Technology

• Iris and Retinal Recognition have often been
  confused as being similar, however, the two are
  very different
• Both have been deemed to be among the most
  reliable and stable of the biometric technologies
  available
• The Iris and Retina rarely change over the
  lifetime of an individual

9
Physical BiometricsIris Recognition Technology

• Works by extracting the unique features in the
  texture and patterns of the iris, (located in the
  front of the eye-the colored region between the
  pupil and the sclera)
• Popular applications expediting the immigration
  process at airports, physical access entry, and
  network security
• Has been used to positively identify the famous
  National Geographic picture of The Afghan Girl

10
Physical BiometricsThe Iris
11
Physical BiometricsRetinal Recognition Technology

• Works by examining the unique pattern of blood
  vessels in the retina (located at the back of the
  eye, near the optic nerve)
• Used for extremely high security applications,
  such as physical access entry into highly secure
  areas of military or government installations
• Disadvantages Deemed to be very user invasive
  can cause much user discomfort and requires the
  most cooperation from the user, when compared to
  other biometric technologies

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Physical BiometricsThe Retina
13
Behavioral BiometricsSignature Recognition
Technology

• Examines the way in which we sign our name, not
  the signature itself
• The unique behavioral characteristics are the
  timing, speed, and pressure applied during the
  course of signing
• It has a high level of resistance to
  impostors-easy to forge a signature, but not the
  behavioral characteristics. Also deemed to be a
  noninvasive biometric technology
• However, it has not reached a dominant level of
  market share like Fingerprint Recognition and
  Hand Geometry Recognition. There have been very
  limited uses in the financial sector

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Behavioral BiometricsKeystroke Recognition
Technology

• Examines the way in which we type on a computer
  keyboard
• In order to capture the unique features, an
  individual must type a specific group of words
  approximately 15 times-very often it is the
  Username and Password
• The unique features include
• The cumulative typing speed
• The elapsed time between consecutive
  keystrokes
• The time that each key is held down
• The frequency of use of other keys (function
  and numeric keys)
• The sequence utilized when typing a capital
  letter (Shift key or letter key released
  first?)
• Keystroke Recognition is a 100 software
  solution-therefore, all that is needed is a
  keyboard-no need to install new hardware

15
Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications

• Biometric Technology has solutions and
  applications in the following market sectors
• Time and Attendance
• Physical Access Entry
• Computer and Network Logon

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Time and Attendance

• Time and Attendance refers to the clocking in and
  clocking out of hourly wage employees, and
  keeping track of hours worked
• Very often, some sort of timecard is used, an
  employee ID number, or a Social Security number
  for the purposes of clocking in and out
• Here lies the problem-an employee could give
  another employee their Identification Number, and
  have that employee clock in for them, when they
  have not even appeared at all for their shift
• This is referred to as Buddy Punching

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Time and Attendance

• Biometric Technology has been utilized to help
  eliminate the problem of Buddy Punching
• Many Time and Attendance applications have
  utilized Hand Geometry Recognition as the tool of
  choice
• The employees hand becomes their Clocking In and
  Clocking Out mechanism
• Since nobody can share their hand, and it is
  unique, the problem of Buddy Punching
  almost becomes zero

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Time and Attendance

• Places where Hand Geometry Recognition is being
  used
• Owens-Illinois Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Decatur
  Hotel Group (in New Orleans) First Bank Puerto
  Rico and McDonalds
• Advantages of using Biometric Technology for Time
  and Attendance
• Cost of issuing and replacing Timecards
  eliminated
• Very accurate Payroll Calculations
  and Employee Attendance Records, reduction
  in paperwork
• Payroll Policies can be applied consistently
  and fairly, especially to Overtime and Holiday
  Pay

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
A Hand Geometry Scanner
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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Physical Access Entry

• Biometric Technology has also made its mark in
  Physical Access Entry scenarios
• The need to have a lock and key system has become
  almost obsolete
• Your Hand, Finger, or Eye can be used to unlock a
  door
• However, most systems today use Hand Geometry
  Recognition and Fingerprint Recognition

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Physical Access Entry

• Typically, the Hand Geometry Scanner or
  Fingerprint Scanner is mounted to a wall, and an
  electromagnetic lock strike attached to the door
  is wired directly to the Biometric Device
• Once the Hand Geometry or Fingerprint has been
  verified by the Biometric System, a signal is
  sent to the lock strike to unlock the door
• In Physical Access Entry scenarios, Biometric
  Devices can operate in a standalone or networked
  mode, where one door or multiple doors can be
  unlocked and opened

22
Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Physical Access Entry

• Many types of organizations are using this type
  of security, ranging from International Airports
  to Military Installations to University
  Dormitories to Child Daycare Centers
• Advantages of using Biometric Technology
• Only personnel enrolled in the Biometric System
  can gain entry
• Cost of issuing/replacing ID Cards becomes
  almost zero-your Hand Geometry or Fingerprint is
  the key
• Efficiency and Ease of Use Verification by
  Biometric System in less than 1 Second

23
Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Physical Access Entry

• Many organizations and businesses today are
  adopting the implementation of a Multi-Modal
  Security Solution-a Two Tier Security System
• This involves using more than one biometric
  technology together in order to maximize the
  level of security
• A typical example of this is using a Hand
  Geometry Scanner at the main entry point, and
  then using a Fingerprint Scanner at more
  sensitive points within the place of business

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
A Fingerprint Scanner
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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Computer and Network Logon

• Typically, in order to gain access to a network,
  we have to type in an established Username and
  Password
• However, with the growth of the Internet and Web
  Based Applications, the need for multiple
  Usernames and Passwords has grown exponentially
• As a result, people tend to write down their
  Usernames and Passwords on Post Its and leave
  them on their computer monitor
• This has led to a substantial increase in the
  costs of password administration and
  maintenance-now at 250 per employee per year

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Computer and Network Logon

• The use of Biometric Technology can eliminate the
  need for Usernames and Passwords
• Your Fingerprint or Iris becomes the mechanism
  for gaining access to the network or your
  computer
• Fingerprint Recognition and Iris Recognition are
  the primary tools utilized
• This is referred to as Single Sign On
  Solutions- because only one piece of
  identification, your biometric, is needed

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Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
Computer and Network Logon

• These Single Sign On Solution devices come
  embedded onto a keyboard, onto a mouse, or into a
  small camera (for Iris Recognition)
• Advantages of using Biometric Technology for
  Computer and Network Logon
• Password administration and maintenance costs
  become virtually zero
• No need to remember multiple Usernames and
  Passwords
• Use of a Biometric is much more secure than
  Usernames and Passwords-after all, a Biometric
  cannot be shared
• You cannot forget you Biometric-unlike
  Usernames and Passwords

28
Biometric Technology Solutions and Applications
A Network Logon Device