Chapter 22: Plant Diversity

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Chapter 22 Plant Diversity

• Biology- Kirby

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Chapter 22- Plant Diversity

• Plant- multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls
  made of cellulose.
• Plants are autotrophs, and use the process of
  photosynthesis to make their food.
• Plant Life Cycle
• Sporophyte- spore-producing plant- diploid phase.
• Gametophyte- gamete-producing plant- haploid
  phase.

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Chapter 22-Plant Diversity

• The first plants evolved from organisms like
  algae.
• Groups of Plants
• Bryophytes-mosses, liverworts, hornworts.
• Nonvascular- absorb water by osmosis.

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Chapter 22-Plant Diversity

• Seedless Vascular Plants- club mosses,
  horsetails, ferns.
• Vascular- special tissue that carries water and
  nutrients.
• Tracheid- hollow cells in plant tissue.
• Xylem- carries water from the roots to the plant
  parts.
• Phloem- carries nutrients minerals from the
  soil to the plant parts.

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Chapter 22-Plant Diversity

• Plant structures
• Roots- underground organs that absorb water and
  minerals.
• Leaves- photosynthetic organs that have vascular
  tissue.
• Veins- bundles of xylem and phloem.
• Stems- supporting structures that connect roots
  and leaves, and carry water and nutrients

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Chapter 22-Plant Diversity

• Seed Plants
• Gymnosperms seeds are directly on the surface of
  cones. Include conifers like pines and spruces.
• Angiosperms flowering plants that have seeds
  within a protective tissue. Include grasses,
  flowering trees shrubs, wildflowers, and other
  flowers.

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Chapter 22-Plant Diversity

• Cones- holds the seeds in gymnosperms.
• Flowers- hold the seeds in angiosperms.
• Pollen- male gametophyte with sperm.
• Pollination- transfer of pollen from male to
  female reproductive parts.
• Seed- plant embryo in a protective covering.
• Seed coat- surrounds protects the embryo and
  keeps the seed moist.

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Chapter 22-Plant Diversity

• Flower- has ovaries which surround protect
  seeds.
• Fruit- wall of tissue surrounding the seed.
• Angiosperms
• Monocots
• Dicots

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Chapter 22-Plant Diversity

• Annuals- complete life cycle in 1 growing season.
• Biennials- complete life cycle in 2 years.
• Perennials- live for many years.