Algorithm Approach to ACLS Emergencies

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Algorithm Approach to ACLS Emergencies

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Key Principles in the Application of ACLS

• The Importance of Time
• The "Periarrest" Period
• Never Forget the Patient

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Code Organization

• Primary and Secondary ABCD Surveys

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Primary ABCD Survey

• Airway with noninvasive techniques.
• Breathing with positive-pressure ventilations
• Circulation CPR until an AED
• Defibrillation assessing the cardiac rhythm for
  VF/VT and providing defibrillatory shocks

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Secondary ABCD Survey

• Airway Advanced rescuers manage a compromised
  airway by placing a tracheal tube.

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Secondary ABCD Survey

• Breathing Assess adequacy of breathing and
  ventilation by checking tube placement and
  performance correct all problems detected.
  Manage breathing by treating inadequate
  ventilation with positive-pressure ventilations
  through the tube

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Secondary ABCD Survey

• Circulation Assess and manage the circulation of
  blood and delivery of medications by Starting a
  peripheral IV line Attaching ECG leads to
  examine the ECG for the most frequent cardiac
  arrest rhythms (VF, pulseless VT, asystole, and
  PEA) Administering appropriate rhythm-based
  medications

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Secondary ABCD Survey

• Differential Diagnosis Assess and manage the
  differential diagnoses that you develop as you
  search for, find, and treat reversible causes

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Understanding the Algorithm Approach to ACLS

• Observation series of decision-making points or
  "decision nodes."
• Action identify the problems present at the
  decision node and then select the proper action
  to take

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The Structure of the Algorithms

• Observational boxes curved corners
• Action boxes square corners

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BLS algorithm

• Check responsiveness
• Open the airway
• Check breathing
• Give 2 effective breaths
• Assess circulation
• Compress chest (no signs of circulation detected)
  

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All cardiac arrest victims

• VF/VT rhythms
• Non-VF rhythms asystole and PEA

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All cardiac arrest victims receive the same 4
treatments

• CPR
• Tracheal intubation
• Vasoconstrictors
• Antiarrhythmics

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International ACLS Algorithms

• ILCOR Universal/International ACLS Algorithm
• Comprehensive ECC Algorithm
• VF/Pulseless VT Algorithm
• Pulseless Electrical Activity Algorithm
• Asystole The Silent Heart Algorithm
• Bradycardia Algorithm