(Biomolecule and metabolism) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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(Biomolecule and metabolism)

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Title: (Biomolecule and metabolism)


1
???????? 2 ??????????????????????????? (Biomolecul
e and metabolism)
2
??????????????
???? (Matter)
????????????? (Homogenous substance)
??????????? (Heterogenous substance)
???????????? (Pure substance)
???????? (Solution)
???? (Element)
????????? (Compound)
?????? (Mixture)
3
????????????????
  • ???? (Element) ???????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????
  • ????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  • ????????? (Compound) ?????????????????????????????
    ???????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?

4
?????????????
  • ???? (Metal) ???? K, Na, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Cu, Mn
  • ?????(Non-metal) ???? H, C, P, S, N, O, F, Cl, I
  • ????????(Methalloid) ?????? B, Si, Ge, As, Sb,
    Te, At

5
???? (Metals)
  • ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????
    Hg
  • ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????? ?????? Hg
  • ???????????????????????? ?????????? IA??? IIA
  • ???????????????????
  • ????????? e ??????????????????????????

6
????? (Non-metal)
  • ?????? 3 ???????????????????? ???? Cl2 ????????
  • Br2 ??????????? ???I2 ???????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
    ?????
  • ??????????????
  • ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
    ????
  • ????????????????? Diatomic molecule????? e
    ????????????????????????? ???????????????
    (Share) e ????????????????????????

7
???????? (Metalloid)
  • ??????????????????????????
  • ????????????? ????????????????????????
  • ?????????????? ???????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????? (semiconductor)

8
???????????? ??? ?????
  • ??? (Acid) ???????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????? ????????????
  • ??? (Base) ???????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????
  • ????? (Salt) ?????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????

9
????????????
  • 1. ??????????? ?????????????????????????????
    (-HCOOH) ???? ???? ???????? (-SO3H)
    ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
    ??? ??????????? ???? ?????????? (HCOOH)
    ?????????? (CH3COOH) ???????????
    (C6H5COOH) ????????????????? (C6H5SO3H) ???????
  • 2. ???????????? ??????????????????????????
    ????????
  • 2.1 ???????? (Hydro acid)
    ??????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????
    ???????? ???? HF, HCI, HBr,
  • HI, HCN, H2S
  • 2.2 ???????? (Oxy acid )
    ??????????????????????? ????????
  • ???????????????????? ????
    H2CO3, H2SO4 , HNO3 , H3 PO4

10
???????????
11
????????????
  • 1. ??????????? ???????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????
    ????
  • CH3 NH2 C6 H5 NH2 (CH3)2 NH ???????
  • 2. ???????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????
    ?? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ???? NaOH,
    KOH, Ca(OH)2 ???????????????? ???? Na2O, CaO
    ???????

12
???????????
13
??????????????
  • 1. ??????????????????? ?????? ???????????
    (NO3-) ??????????? (ClO3-) ????????????
    (CH3COO-) ???????????? (Cl-)
  • 2. ??????????????????? ??????
    ??????????????(CO3- ??????????????????????????????
    ? IA ?????????????????)

14
?????????????
  • ????????? ????????
    ????????
  • ???????? NaCl
    ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????

  • ?????????????????????
  • ??????? MgSO4 .7H2O
    ????????????????????????
  • ??????? BaSO4
    ????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????? CaSO4. H2O ???????
  • ????????? KNO3
    ?????????????????????????? ??????
  • ????? CuSO4
    ????????? Reagent ?????
  • ?????? CaCO3
    ???????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????? NaHCO3
    ???????????
  • ?????????? Na2CO3.10H2O????????????
    ?? ???? ?????? ????????
  • ?????????? KMnO4
    ????????????????????????

15
?????????????????
16
???? pH ?????? ??? ?????
17
?????????????????????????????
???????????? (Hydrocarbon)
????????????????????? (Aliphatic hydrocarbon)
????????????????????? (Aromatic hydrocarbon)
??????(Alkane)
?????? (Alkene)
??????? (Alkyne)
??????????????????????????(Benzene and its
derivative
?????????????? ?????????(Polynuclear aromatic)
?????????????????????? (Alicyclic hydrocarbon)
???????????(Cycloalkane)
??????????? (Cycloalkene)

18
?????? (Alkane)
  • ??????????? (Parafine) ???? Methane series of
    hydrocarbon
  • ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????? CnH2n2 (n 1, 2, 3 ,4)
  • ????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????? (-ane)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????? ???????????????

19
?????? (Alkene)
  • ???? The olefins
  • ???????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????? CnH2n (n 2, 3, 4, 5.)
  • ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????
    (-ene)

20
??????? (Alkyne)
  • ???????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????? CnH2n-2
  • ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????
    (-yne)

21
???????????????????????
  • ????????? (Alcohol)
  • ??????? (Ether)
  • ????????? (Aldehyde)
  • ?????(Ketone)
  • ??????????????? (Carboxylic acid)
  • ???????? (Ester)

22
?????????????????
  • ???? ????????
    ????????/???
  • ??????? CH3OH
    ??????????????????????????????????
  • (Methanol)
    ??????????????
  • ??????? C2H5OH
    ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  • (Ethanol) ????????
    ???????????????

  • ?????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????
    ????????????????????

  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??

  • ????????????????????

23
???????? ???????
  • ???? ????????
    ????????/???
  • ?????????????? CH3CH2OCH2CH3
    -????????????
  • (Diethyl ether)
    -????????????????????????????

  • - ??????????????????????

24
?????????????????
  • ???? ????????
    ????????/???
  • ?????????? HCOH -
    ?????????? ????????????????????
  • (Methanamide) -
    ??????????????
  • ????????????????? -
    ???????????????????
  • (Formaldehyde) -
    ????????????????????????????????????

  • ???????? ???? ?????

25
?????????????
  • ???? ????????
    ????????/???
  • ???????? CH3COCH3 -
    ???????????????????????????????????????
  • (Propanone)
    ?????????? ??????????? ???????
  • ???????????
    - ?????????????????????????
  • (Acetone)

26
???????????????????????
  • ???? ????????
    ????????/???
  • ????????? ????? CH3COOH -
    ?????????????????
  • (Ethanoic acid) -
    ???????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????
  • (Acetic acid)
  • ????? HCOOH -
    ???????????????????????????????????

  • - ??????????????????????????????

27
????????????????
  • ???? ????????
    ????????/???
  • ????? ??????? HCOOCH2CH3 -
    ???????????????????????????
  • ????? ??????? CH3COOCH2CH3 - ???????????
  • (Ethyl acetate)

28
????????????????????
  • ?????? (Sugar)
  • - ????????????? (Monosaccharides)
    ???????????????????
  • - ??????????? (Disaccharides)
  • - ???????????? (Trisaccharides)
  • ????????????? (Polysaccharides)
  • - ????????????????? (Storage polysaccharide)
  • - ?????????????????????? (Structural
    polysaccharide)

29
???????????????
  • ????????????? (Monosaccharides)
    ???????????????????
  • - ?????? (Triose) ???? Glyceraldehyde,
    Dihydroxyacetone
  • - ????? (Tetrose) ???? Erythrose, Erythrulose
  • - ?????? (Pentose) ???? Ribose, Ribulose
  • - ?????? (Hexose) ???? Glucose, Fructose
  • ??????????? (Disaccharides) ???? Sucrose
    ?????????? Glucose ?????? Glucose
  • ???????????? (Trisaccharides) ???? Rafinose
    ?????????? Glucose, Fructose ??? Galactose

30
??????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ???????????
  • ????????????????????????????????? ????
  • - ?????????? (Dehydration)
  • - ????????????????
  • - ????????????????

31
??????????????????????
  • ????????????????? (Storage polysaccharides)
  • - ???? (Strach)
  • - ???????? (Glycogen)
  • - ??????????? (Dextrans)
  • ?????????????????????? (Structural
    polysaccharides)
  • - ???????? (Cellulose)
  • - ????? (Chitin)
  • - ????? ?????????????????? (Acid
    mucopolysaccharides)

32
?????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ???????????
  • ???????????

33
????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????? ????? ??????
  • ?????????????????????????? ????
  • - ??????????????? DNA, RNA, ATP
  • - ???????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????
  • - ??????????????????????????????????????????

34
?????? (Protein)
  • ???????????????????
  • - ?????????????????? (Essential amino acid) ??
    10 ???? ??? Met,
  • Arg, Thr, Trp, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe, His
    ??? Lys (Arg ??? His ??
  • ???????????????)
  • - ??????????????????? (Semi-essential amino
    acid) ?? 4 ???? ??? Gly,
  • Tyr, Ser, ??? Cys-Cys
  • - ?????????????????? (Non-essential amino acid)
    ?????? Asp, Asn,
  • Glu, Gln, Ala ??? Pro

35
???????????????
  • ??????? (Enzyme) ???? Pepsin, Trypsin
  • ?????????? (Storage protein) ???? Casein,
    Ferritin
  • ??????????? (Transport protein) ???? Hemoglobin
  • ???????????????? (Contractile protein) ????
    Myosin, Actin
  • ????????????? (Protective protein) ????
    Antibodies
  • ?????? (Toxins) ???? Snaka venoms, Clostridium
    hotulinum toxin
  • ??????? (Hormones) ???? Insulin
  • ??????????????? (Structural protein) ????
    Collagen, Keratin
  • ????????????? (Receptor protein) ????
    Neurotransmitter

36
??????????????????
  • ???????????????? (Primary structure)
    ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????
    (Polypeptide)
  • ?????????????????? (Secondary structure)
    ??????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????
    (Helix) ??????? (Pleated sheet)
  • ????????????????? (Tertiary structure)
    ??????????? ???????? (Looping) ??????? (Coil)
    ??????? (Globular) ??????? (Rod) ???? (Fibrous)
  • ????????????????? (Quaternary structure)
    ???????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????? ?????????

37
??????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????? ?????????
  • ??????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????

38
??????????????
  • 1. ??????????? (Simple lipids) ???????????
    (??????????????)
  • 2. ??????????? (Compound lipids)
  • - Phospholipid
  • - Glycolipid
  • - Lipoprotein
  • 3. ????????????? (Derived lipid)
  • 4. ?????????????? (Miscellaneous lipid)
  • - Steroid
  • - Terpene

39
?????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????
  • ????????????????
  • ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
    ?????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ??????????????? (Rancidity)?????????
  • - ?????????? (Oxidation)
  • - ?????????? (Hydrolysis)

40
?????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????
  • (??????????????????????)
  • ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
    ?????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
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