How To Name Chemical Formulas

1
How To Name Chemical Formulas

• Supplemental to Chapter 20

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Binary Compounds

• Binary Compounds are ionic bonds between one
  metal () and one nonmetal (-).
• When you name binary ionic compounds, you always
  mention the cation ( ion) first (usually the
  metal).
• When you name the second ion (the anion), you
  will change the ending to ide

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Common Binary Anions

• Oxygen oxide
• Phosphorus phosphide
• Nitrogen nitride
• Sulfur sulfide
• Chlorine chloride

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Name These Binary Compounds

• RbCl
• NaF
• CuO
• AlN
• K2S
• NaCl

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Name These Binary Compounds

• RbCl Rubidium Chloride
• NaF Sodium Fluoride
• CuO Copper Oxide
• AlN Aluminum Nitride
• K2S Potassium Sulfide
• NaCl Sodium Chloride

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Polyatomic Ions

• Polyatomic ions are a group of ions (2 elements)
  that are covalently bonded together.
• You would say the first element as is.
• You would then say the rest of the bonded
  polyatomic ions after the first element, using
  their specific endings.

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Polyatomic Ion Endings

• Ammonium NH4
• Acetate C2H3O2
• Chlorate CIO3
• Hydroxide OH
• Nitrate NO3
• Carbonate CO3
• Sulfite SO3
• Sulfate SO4
• Phosphate PO4
• Peroxide O2

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Naming Polyatomic Ions

• HSO4 -
• NaNO3 -
• Ba(OH)2 -
• KNO3 -
• CaCO3 -
• CuSO3
• CaSO4
• HO2 -
• (notice the different endings of the last two
  polyatomic ions.)

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Naming Polyatomic Ions

• HSO4 - Hydrogen Sulfate
• NaNO3 - Sodium Nitrate
• Ba(OH)2 - Barium hydroxide
• KNO3 - potassium nitrate
• CaCO3 - calcium carbonate
• CuSO3 copper sulfite
• CaSO4 calcium sulfate
• HO2 hydrogen peroxide

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Prefixes for Covalent Compounds

• The prefixes indicate how many atoms of each
  element are in a binary covalent compound. These
  occur when 2 nonmetals covalently bond.

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Prefixes for Covalent Compounds

• Mono 1
• Di 2
• Tri 3
• Tetra 4
• Penta 5
• Hexa 6
• Hepta 7
• Octa 8

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How to Say Covalent Compounds

• P2O5 - this is named diphosphorus pentoxide,
  because there are two phosphorus atoms and five
  oxygen atoms.   CO - this is carbon monoxide
  (you need the "mono-" because there's only one
  oxygen atom). CF4 - this is carbon
  tetrafluoride,