LONG-TERM ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT

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• LONG-TERM ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT
• TRAIN ABILITY IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESENCE
  
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LTAD PRINCIPLE (1)

• Two ways in which performances improve
• Growth development
• Training.

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LTAD key issues

• The critical, fundamental phase is often
  overlooked by coaches, teachers and parents, who
  focus on competition and winning rather than the
  acquisition of basic skills and fitness
• Balyi 2001

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• The concept of trainability
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LTAD Principles Sport Categories
EARLY SPECIALISATION SPORTS
Gymnastics, Figure Skating, Diving, Table Tennis
andSwimming
LATE SPECIALISATION SPORTS
Athletics, combative sports, Cycling, Rowing,
team sports.
4 stage model 5/6 stage model Cusp of
early specialisation
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LTAD principles

• Athlete centred approach
• Makes full use of the critical or sensitive
  periods of adaptation (growth spurts)
• Focuses on the need to develop PHYSICAL LITERACY
  in all young people
• Recognises Training Competition Recovery
  ratios i.e. Athletes need a life
• Takes 10 to 12 years training to reach elite
  level
• Some sports require early specialisation
• Model is flexible to meet needs of each sport

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• LTAD
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STAGES OF GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
Growth Development LTAD Framework
Childhood FUNdamentals
Late Childhood SwimSkills
Adolescence Training to Train
Early Adulthood Training to Compete
Adulthood Training to Win
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LTAD MODEL BY ISTVAN BALYI (2002 Late
Specialization Sports)
Chronological age5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
FUNdamental Stage
Learning to Train
Training to Train Stage
Training to Compete Stage
Training to Win Stage
Key stages of learning development
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Long Term Athlete Development
Building Pathways in English Sport
Source NCTC, Ireland
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• Progression - FUN and participation.
• - General, overall development
• - ABCS Agility, Balance, Co-ordination and Speed
• - RJTs Running, Jumping and Throwing.
• - KGBS Kinesthetics, Gliding, Buoyancy and
  Striking (using an object)
• - PCKS Passing, Catching, Kicking and Striking
  (using body)
• - Speed power and endurance through FUN and games

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CRITICAL PERIODS OF TRAINABILITY FOR FEMALES
(Balyi and Hamilton, 1999)
Rate of Change in Height (cms)
Age
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CRITICAL PERIODS OF TRAINABILITY FOR MALES (Balyi
and Hamilton, 1999)
Rate of Change in Height (cms)
Age
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LTAD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
FUNdamental SwimSkills Training to Train Training to Compete Training to Win
Ages (Years) Chrono Female 5-8 Male 6-9 Chrono/Bio Female 8-11 Male 9-12 Bio Female 11-14 Male 12-16 Bio Female 14-16 Male 16-18 Chrono Female 16 Male 18
Development Phases Movement Literacy Skill Development Skill / Aerobic Development Competitive / Physical Development Specialisation, Performance Development
Development Focus ABCs Speed (1) ABCs Motor Co-ordination Core Stability Aerobic Refine Skills Speed (2) Core Stability Aerobic Strength Anaerobic Core Stability Tactical Mental Prep Anaerobic Strength Aerobic Core Stability Tactical Mental Prep Knowledge/ Experience
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LTAD TRAINING
FUNdamental SwimSkills Training to Train Training to Compete Training to Win
Training Sessions (per week) General Sport 5-6 sessions 30-45 mins/ses Swimming 4-6 sessions 60-90 mins/ses Swimming 6-12 sessions 120 mins/ses Swimming 8-12 sessions 120 mins/ses Swimming 10-15 sessions 120 mins/ses
Training Hours (per week) Sessional Pool 4-7 hrs Land 1-2 hrs Pool 12-24 hrs Land 2-3 hrs Pool 16-24 hrs Land 3-4 hrs Pool 20-24 hrs Land 3-6 hrs
Training Volumes (per week) 8-14 km/wk 24-32 km/wk Leading to 44-52 km/wk 44-52 km/wk 44-52 km/wk (Depends on specialism)
Periodisation None Single (1 x 48 weeks) Double (2 x 24 weeks) Double (2 x 24 weeks) Triple (3 x 15 weeks) Double (dist) (2 x 24 weeks) Triple (m. dist) (3 x 15 weeks) Multiple (spr)
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LTAD COMPETITION
FUNdamental SwimSkills Training to Train Training to Compete Training to Win
Number of Competitions 75 training 25 Comp No limit moving to 12 12 12
Competition Profiles Sequence of 3 below level 2 at level 1 above level Twice 3 below level 2 at level 1 above level Twice 3 below level 2 at level 1 above level
Competition Targets Heat-3 (2) SF-2 (1) Final-1(-1) Heat-3 (2) SF-2 (1) Final-1(-1) Heat-3 (2) SF-2 (1) Final-1(-1)
Competition Events Bagcats Bagcats Moving to Olympic events Olympic events Olympic events
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Win Win Outcome
Sport Performance
Lifelong Physical Activity Participation
Physical Literacy