FOREST AND WILDLIFE

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FOREST AND WILDLIFE

• Skanda S Shenoy
• X standard
• Vikasa High School
• Alkola, Shimoga 577 204

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WILD LIFEINTRUDUCTION Indian is unique in
having immense natural beauty is its different
lions and in possessing a rich and diverse wild
life fauna Indian wild life is incomparable in
its variety for example, the tiger, the lion and
the leopard room about in the same country
elephants and the one horned rhinoceros are
found here in abundance. India has more types of
the graceful deer and cats than any other country
in the world. In facts, India includes more than
120 families of terrestrial vertebrates. It has
been estimated that there are more than 400
species of mammals, 1200 species of Birds, more
than 350 Species of Reptiles and more that
29,70,000 species of insects in India
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REASONS FOR WILD LIFE

• The wild life has also been used commercially
  to earn a lot of money in on way or the other.
•   The wild life is the cultural asset of a
  country like India. It has deep rooted effect on
  art sculpture, literature and religion of the
  country.

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CONSERVATION MEASURES

• For the preservation of species wild life
  management staff should have a correct idea about
  the exact habitat which the species under
  consideration needs.
• Natural habitat of wild animals should be
  carefully protected.
• Shooting and hunting of endangered species should
  be totally banned.
• Habitats of wild life should be improved by
  constructing water holes, saltlicks and by
  raising plantation of better and nourishing
  fodder grasses and trees.

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MODES OF WILD LIFE CONSERVATION

• Protected species of Indian wild life are here
  they are, white eyed buck, black buck, Four horen
  antelope, golden cat, snow leopard, great Indian
  bustard, Monitor lizard, winter lizard, leathery
  turtle, marsh crocodile etc.

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REASONS FOR DEPLETION OF WILD LIFE

• Destruction of wild plants of forests for timber,
  charcoal and firewood often deprives wild animals
  their most palatable food and affects their
  survival.
• Absence of covers or shelter to wild animals.
• Noise pollution by different transport media and
  polluting river water have adversely affected
  wild animals.
• Hunting methods of all kinds and for any purpose
  (that is, food, recreation, fur, plumage, tusk,
  horn etc.) have caused destruction of wild life.

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SOME INDIAN SANCTUARIES AND NATIONAL PARKS

• Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Manas Wild life Sanctuary.
• Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Mundanthurai Sanctuary
• Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary.
• Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
• Kolameru Bird Sanctuary
• Guindy Deer Park.
• Sesan Gir
• Sariska
• Chilka Lake
• Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary.
• Daachigam Wildlife Sanctuary.

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WILD LIFE RESEARCH IN INDIA

• Wildlife Institute of India (WII) covers various
  aspects of applied research on wild life for
  different ecological and geographical regions of
  the country. Show leopard (Ladakh), Nilgiri
  Langur (Tamil Nadu), Grizzled gaint squirrel
  (Tamil Nadu), monitoring of reintroduced Mugger
  crocodiles (Andhra Pradesh) and monitoring of
  reintroduced Rhinoceros (Dudhwa, U.P) are the
  main studies completed by the institute.

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WILD LIFE EDUCATION AND TRAINING

• Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun organized 9
  month PG Diploma and three months Certificate
  courses on wild life for protected area managers
  at the professional and Field technician level
  during 1991-92.
• The Institute also organized a Zoo Management
  course for Middle Level Managers and Technicians
  and 4 week course for 16 trainees from Zoos and
  wild life organizations from different states.

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FOREST

• INTRODUCTION
• A plant community predominantly of trees and
  other vegetation usually with a closed canopy is
  called forest. Today forest may be regarded as
  any land managed for the diverse purpose of
  forestry, whether covered with trees shrubs,
  climbers, lions etc or not the word jungle is
  used to describe a collection of trees, shrubs
  etc that are not grown in a regular manner.

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IMPORTANCE OF FOREST

• Forest are the only source of timbers, wood fuel,
  bamboos and a rich source of a variety of
  valuable products.
• They guard against erosion of land, damage of
  water sheds, floods and segmentation. The provide
  shelter to the wildlife.
• Above all, forest also provide facility of the
  grazing of live stocks and produce a large number
  of products of commercial as well as industrial
  importance.

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TYPES OF FOREST

• Moist tropical forests
• Dry tropical forests
• Mountain subtropical forests
• Mountain temperate forests
• Subalpine forests
• Alpine scrub forests

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DEFORESTATION

• Forest in developing countries are going to
  be reduced at an alarming rate. This process of
  deforestation is a serious threat to economy,
  quality of life and future of the environment in
  our country. The important causes of
  deforestation in India are,

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• Rapid explosion of human and livestock population
  
• Expansion of agricultural croplands for farming
  and enhanced grazing by cattle.
• Increased demand for fuel wood, timber, wooden
  crates, paper, newsprints, patter boards,
  medicines etc.

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Comparative situation of cover 1993 and 1991
assessment (sq.km)
State / Uts 1991 Assessment 1993 Assessment Change in 1993
Andhra Pradesh 47290 47256 -34
Arunchal Pradesh 68757 68661 -96
Assam 24751 24508 -243
Bihar 26668 26587 -81
Goa (Including Daman Diu) 1255 1250 -5
Gujarat 11907 12044 137
Himachal Pradesh 11780 12505 722
Jammu Kashmir 20064 20443 379
Karnataka 32199 32343 144
Kerala 10292 10336 44
Madhya Pradesh 135785 135396 -389
Maharashtra 40044 43589 -185
Manipur 17685 17621 -64
Meghalaya 15875 15769 -106
Mizoram 18853 18697 -156
Nagaland 14321 14348 27
Orissa 47205 47145 -60
Punjab 1343 1343 0
Rajasthan 12835 13099 264
Sikkim 3033 3119 86
Tamil Nadu 17713 17726 13
Tripura 5535 5538 3

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AFFORESTATION

• The development of forests on wastelands is
  usually known as afforestation
• In India, Wasteland Development Programme
  is being and overseen by National Wastelands
  development Board (NWDB) which has adopted a
  mission approach for enlisting peoples
  participation, harnessing inputs of science and
  technology and achieving inter disciplinary
  co-ordination in the programme, planning and
  implementation.

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FOREST RESEARCH IN INDIA

• In India, India Council of Forest Research
  and Education (ICFRE) is an autonomous body with
  the Ministry of Environment and Forests, which
  holds the mandate to organize, direct and manage
  research and education in the fields of forestry.
  
• There are five important research
  institutes, they are,
• Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun.
• Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding,
  Coimbatore
• Institute of Wood Science and Technology,
  Bangalore

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CONSERVATION

• Conservation is the most efficient and most
  beneficial utilization of natural resources and
  Is one of the most significant applications of
  ecology. Conservation is mainly concerned with
  the management of the natural resources of the
  earth, taking into consideration their proper
  use, preservation and protection from destructive
  influences and misuse etc .

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DONT FIRE THE FOREST