Prescription and OTC Drugs

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Prescription and OTC Drugs
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Drugs

• A drug is a substance other than food that
  changes the way the body or mind functions.

• Responsible drug use is the correct use of legal
  drugs to promote health and well-being.

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What to Know About Drugs

• Drug misuse is the incorrect use of a
  prescription or OTC drug.

• Drug abuse is the intentional use of a drug
  without medical or health reasons.

• Both legal and illegal drugs can be abused.

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What to Know About Drugs

• Ways Drugs Enter the Body

• By mouth

• The most common way of taking a drug is by
  swallowing it.
• A drug in the form of a pill, capsule, or liquid
  may be swallowed.
• After being swallowed, a drug travels to the
  stomach and small intestine and is absorbed into
  the bloodstream.

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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body

• By injection

• Some drugs are injected using a syringe and a
  needle.
• A drug that is injected must be dissolved in
  liquid.
• The drug goes directly under the skin into a
  muscle or blood vessel, causing immediate
  results.

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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body

• By inhalation

• Some drugs are inhaled through the nose or
  mouth.
• Drugs that are inhaled produce effects very
  quickly by entering the bloodstream through the
  lungs.
• Snorting is sniffing drugs through the nose so
  that they can be absorbed through the mucous
  membranes of the nasal passages.

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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body

• By absorption

• A drug that is absorbed enters the bloodstream
  through the skin or mucous membranes.
• A skin patch is a patch worn on the body that
  contains a drug that is absorbed through the
  skin.
• A suppository is a wax-coated form of a drug that
  is inserted into the rectum.

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What to Know About Drugs
Ways Drugs Enter the Body

• By absorption

• Buccal absorption is the absorption of a drug
  between the cheek and gum.

• Sublingual absorption is the absorption of a drug
  when it is placed under the tongue.

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Prescription Drugs

• A drug that is used to treat, prevent, or
  diagnose illness is a medicine.

• A prescription is a written order from a licensed
  health professional.

• A prescription drug is a medicine that fights
  specific illnesses and infections and can be
  obtained only with a prescription.

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What to Know About Prescription Drugs

• Obtaining or using prescription drugs without a
  prescription is illegal.
• Licensed pharmacists are allied health
  professionals who dispense medications that are
  prescribed by physicians.

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What to Know About Prescription Drugs

• Brand-name v. generic

• A brand-name drug is a drug with a registered
  name or trademark given to it by a pharmaceutical
  company.

• A generic-name drug is a drug that contains the
  same active ingredients as a brand-name drug.

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OTC Drugs

• There are many different kinds of
  over-the-counter drugs, including aspirin,
  vitamins, and cold medicines.

• An Over-the-counter drug (OTC) is a drug that can
  be purchased without a prescription in stores
  such as grocery stores and drugstores.

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Herbal Supplements

• Dietary supplements are nutrients that are not a
  part of food and that may come in the form of
  pills, capsules, liquids, or powders.

• When prescribed by a health professional, dietary
  supplements may be helpful, but sometimes they
  can be dangerous.

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The Risks of Herbal Supplements

• Herbal supplements are chemicals from plants that
  contain nutrients and are taken in addition to or
  in place of foods in ones diet.

• Safety issues

• Manufacturers of herbal supplements, including
  vitamins and minerals, do not have to provide
  tests that show they are safe and effective
  before their products are sold to consumers.

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The Risks of Herbal Supplements

• Ephedra

• Ephedra is an herbal supplement known for its
  stimulating effect.
• Ephedra provides energy and increased metabolism.
• The effects of ephedra include changes in blood
  pressure, headaches, chest pain, heart attack,
  stroke, and death.
• The FDA banned the distribution of ephedra in
  2004.

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The Risks of Herbal Supplements

• Kava

• Kava is an ingredient in plants from South
  Pacific islands.
• Kava, which is promoted for relaxation, is sold
  as a product that is supposed to relieve stress,
  anxiety, and tension.
• There appears to be evidence that kava causes
  liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and
  liver failure.

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Illegal Drugs
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Marijuana

• Marijuana is the dried leaves and tops of the
  cannabis plant.

• It is the most commonly used illegal drug in the
  United States.
• THC is a drug found in the cannabis plant that
  produces psychoactive effects.

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How the Illegal Use of Marijuana Can Harm Health

• Marijuana and hashish can harm health.

• Hashish is one of the drugs that is made from
  marijuana.
• Hashish oil is the liquid resin from the cannabis
  plant.
• Marijuana, hashish, and hashish oil are
  considered gateway drugs, which are drugs that
  increase the likelihood that people who use them
  will use other harmful drugs.

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Types of Marijuana
Effects
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Relaxed, euphoric, drowsy, and hungry Marijuana
can cause amotivational syndrome, which is a
persistent loss of ambition and motivation
Marijuana Chronic herb, reefer, ganja, tea, Mary
Jane, grass, pot, weed, joint (marijuana
cigarette)
Smoked or eaten/illegal without a prescription
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Types of Marijuana
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Hashish (hashish oil)
Smoked, mixed with tobacco, or eaten in candies
or cookies/illegal
Similar to marijuana, but stronger
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• Dependence

• People who use marijuana develop tolerance after
  high doses and long-term use.
• They can develop psychological dependence.
• It is not clear if marijuana causes physical
  dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

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Ecstasy (MDMA)

• Ecstasy (MDMA) is an illegal psychoactive drug
  that has a stimulating effect and the ability to
  cause hallucinations.

• Ecstasy is a drug that is synthetic, meaning it
  is made in a laboratory.

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A Hallucinogen and A Stimulant
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
MDMA Ecstasy, XTC
Also acts as a stimulant, can cause brain damage,
similar to LSD
Swallowed, sniffed, or injected/illegal
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• Harmful Psychological Effects 

• Among the psychological effects are confusion,
  depression, insomnia, severe anxiety, and
  paranoia or extreme fear.

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• Physical Problems 

• Use of Ecstasy can result in different kinds of
  physical problems, including muscle tension,
  involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred
  vision, faintness, chills, and sweating.
• Ecstasy also causes an increase in heartbeat rate
  and blood pressure.
• Ecstasy can have long-term effects on the brain.

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• Warning signs

• Be alert to signs of Ecstasy use around you.
• Pacifiers and suckers control teeth-grinding, a
  common side effect of Ecstasy.
• Candy dispensers are used to hide Ecstasy
  tablets.

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• Club Drugs

• Club drugs is the collective term used to
  describe the drugs that often are available at
  raves, which are large, all-night dance parties
  attended by teens and young adults.

• GHB, known as liquid Ecstasy, can cause seizures
  or coma.
• roofies, is a benzodiazepine that can cause a
  type of amnesia. It has been used in sexual
  assaults, and can cause death.

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Facts About Club Drugs

• Club Drugs

• Ketamine, known as Special K, is an anesthetic
  that also has been used as a date-rape drug.

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Hallucinogens

• Hallucinogens, or psychedelic drugs, are a group
  of drugs that interfere with the senses and
  cause hallucinations.

• A hallucination is an imagined experience that
  seems real.
• The effects of hallucinogens may last for several
  days.

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• By harming the body 

• Hallucinogens can cause increased heart rate and
  blood pressure, tremors, and nausea.

• By harming the mind

• Hallucinogens can alter perception of reality,
  time and environment, intensify mood, and cause
  rapid mood swings and flashbacks.
• A flashback is a vivid memory of a
  hallucination.
• By causing dependence
• People who regularly use hallucinogens may
  develop a tolerance

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Types of Hallucinogens
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Pupils dilate, skin becomes flushed, heart rate
and temperature increase, bad trips
LSD Acid, doses, beast, Lucy, diamond, tabs,
trips
Swallowed, sniffed, or placed on tongue to
dissolve/illegal
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Types of Hallucinogens
Effects
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Restlessness, disorientation, anxiousness, anger,
aggression, feelings of invincibility
Smoked, swallowed, or sniffed/ illegal
PCP Angel dust, dust
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Types of Hallucinogens
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Increased blood pressure and heart rate,
dizziness, anxiety, bad trips
Mushrooms, shrooms
Eaten/illegal
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MAGIC MUSHROOMS

• Synthetic Tryptamines

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Stimulants

• Stimulants are a group of drugs that speed up the
  activities of the central nervous system.

• Stimulants sometimes are called uppers because
  they make people feel alert, awake, and active.
• However, the use of stimulants always is followed
  by a crash, or the intense down period that
  follows a stimulant high.

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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health

• By causing immediate death

• Within minutes, people who have taken a stimulant
  may have a heart attack or seizure, stop
  breathing, and die.
• Cocaine is an illegal drug in the form of white
  powder extracted from the leaves of a cocoa
  plant.

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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health

• By harming the body

• People who use stimulants may experience body
  tremors, vomiting, increased alertness, quickened
  movements, a racing heart, and increased blood
  pressure.
• Snorting stimulants causes sores and burns in and
  around the nose, and may develop holes between
  the nostrils.

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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health

• By harming the mind

• People who use stimulants can become confused,
  anxious, aggressive, paranoid, and have
  hallucinations.
• A hallucination is an imagined sight, sound, or
  feeling.

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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health

• By causing dependence

• The body builds up tolerance to stimulants very
  quickly.
• Physical dependence can occur after one use.

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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
Effects
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Cocaine Coke, blow, gold dust, white lady, snow,
Charlie
Snorted, injected, or smoked/ illegal
Highly addictive can cause stroke, heart attack,
or seizure can be fatal with one use
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
Effects
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Crack (freebase cocaine) Rock
Smoked/ illegal
Effects ten times greater than cocaine, can be
fatal with one use, extremely addictive
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
Effects
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Amphetamines Diet pills (no longer sold for this
purpose)
Swallowed/ illegal without prescription
Can cause multiple health problems, highly
addictive
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
Effects
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Methampheta-mines Meth, crank, crystal meth,
crystal tea, crystal, ice, speed, chalk, glass
Swallowed, snorted, injected, or smoked/ illegal
without prescription
Addictive, effects similar to cocaine, can be
fatal with one use
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How the Illegal Use of Stimulants Can Harm Health
Types of Stimulants
Effects
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Ephedrine Effies, white cross
Swallowed or inhaled/ illegal without prescription
Prescribed to relieve asthma, can be used to make
and has same effects as methamphe-tamines
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Other Stimulants

• A look-alike drug is a drug manufactured to
  resemble another drug or mimic its effects.

• Caffeine is a stimulant found in chocolate,
  coffee, and tea that also can be found in some
  look-alike amphetamines .
• Caffeinism is poisoning due to heavy caffeine
  intake.

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Narcotics

• Narcotics are a group of drugs that slow down, or
  depress, the central nervous system and relieve
  pain.

• An analgesic is a drug that relieves pain.

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Narcotics

• Opium is a white, milky fluid from the seedpod of
  the poppy plant.

• Morphine is a naturally occurring substance
  extracted from the poppy plant.
• Codeine is a painkiller produced from morphine.

• Heroin is a narcotic processed from morphine.

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How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can Harm Health

• By causing immediate death 

• Narcotic drugs depress the central nervous
  system, slow down breathing, and can cause coma
  and even death.

• By harming the body

• People who use narcotics may experience euphoria,
  drowsiness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, and clammy
  skin.

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How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can Harm Health

• By harming the mind

• People who use narcotics cannot use reasoning and
  judgment to make responsible decisions.
• They may become depressed and lazy and have mood
  swings.

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How the Illegal Use of Narcotics Can Harm Health

• By causing dependence

• Repeated use of narcotics results in increased
  tolerance, which leads to physical dependence.
• People who are physically dependent on narcotics
  experience withdrawal if they stop taking the
  drug.
• Narcotics also cause psychological dependence.

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Types of Narcotics
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Extremely addictive
Opium O
Smoked/ illegal
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Types of Narcotics
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Morphine Morph, Miss Emma
One of the strongest pain relievers used in
medicine, causes addiction and can cause death
Injected, snorted, smoked, or swallowed/ illegal
with prescription
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Types of Narcotics
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Effects
Painkiller, cough suppressant, sleep aid
Codeine
Swallowed/ illegal with prescription, available
in very small amounts in OTC drugs
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Types of Narcotics
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Drug/Also Known As
Extremely addictive, can cause respiratory arrest
and death, severe withdrawal symptoms
Heroin Smack, junk, brother, garbage
Injected, snorted, smoked/ illegal
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Sedative-Hypnotics

• Sedative-hypnotics are a group of drugs that
  depress the activities of the central nervous
  system.

• A sedative is a drug that has a calming effect on
  a persons behavior.
• A hypnotic is a drug that produces drowsiness and
  sleep.
• They are highly addictive and are illegal when
  used without a prescription.

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How the Illegal Use of Sedative-Hypnotics Can
Harm Health

• By causing death 

• Combining sedative-hypnotics with alcohol is
  extremely risky and can be fatal as alcohol
  multiplies the depressive effects of
  sedative-hypnotics on the central nervous system.

• By harming the body

• This group of drugs slows body functions, causing
  slurred speech, lack of coordination, clammy
  skin, dilated pupils, and an inability to stay
  awake.

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How the Illegal Use of Sedative-Hypnotics Can
Harm Health

• By harming the mind

• People who take sedative-hypnotics cannot use
  reasoning and judgment to make responsible
  decisions.

• By causing dependence

• The use of barbiturates and benzodiazepines can
  lead to physical dependence.
• People who are physically dependent have
  withdrawal if they stop taking the drug.

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How the Illegal Use of Sedative-Hypnotics Can
Harm Health
Types of Sedative-Hypnotics
Effects
How Ingested/Legality
Drug/Also Known As
Barbiturates Barbs, bank bandits, reds,
blockbusters
Swallowed/ illegal without prescription
Highly addictive, sleep aid, ease tension
Benzodiaze-pines Tranquilizers
Swallowed or injected/ illegal without
prescription
Ease anxiety, relax muscles, anticonvulsant
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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

• Steroids are a group of synthetic drugs that are
  related to hormones.

• An anabolic-androgenic steroid is a steroid used
  to treat medical conditions.
• Some people illegally use steroids to build
  muscles and improve strength, athletic
  performance, and appearance.

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How the Illegal Use of Steroids Can Harm Health

• By harming the body

• In males, steroids cause reduced sperm count,
  sterility, baldness, and painful urination.
• In females, steroids cause missed menstrual
  periods, hair growth on the face and body, and
  smaller breasts.

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How the Illegal Use of Steroids Can Harm Health

• By harming the mind

• People who use steroids might become aggressive
  and violent.
• Roid rages are outbursts of anger and hostility
  caused by steroid use.

• By causing dependence

• People who regularly use steroids may develop
  physical or psychological dependence.

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Types of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Voice deepens, increases facial and/or body hair,
increases muscle size, may increase aggressiveness
Anabolic-androgenic steroids
Injected or swallowed/ illegal without
prescription
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Types of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
Drug/Also Known As
How Ingested/Legality
Effects
Anti-inflammatory used to treat asthma, eczema,
and arthritis increases weight mood swings
Cortico-steroids
Injected or swallowed/ illegal without
prescription
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How to Resist Pressure to Use Illegal Drugs

• Many teens may not recognize that using illegal
  drugs can have serious physical, mental, social,
  and legal consequences.

• Peers may try to influence you to try an illegal
  drug but you can resist pressure to use illegal
  drugs.
• Resistance skills are skills that help a person
  say no to an action or to leave a situation.

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End of the Lesson