???????: ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? endospores.

1

• ????? ????? ?????????

2
????? ????? ?????????

• ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????.
• ??????? ????? ???????? ???????.
• ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????
  ???? ???????.
• ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????
  ???? ??? endospores.

3
???????

• ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????
  ?????????. ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????)
• Antisepsis ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????
  ??????? (???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????).
• Degerming ????? ????????? ???? a ?????? ??????
  (?????? ??? ????? ??????).
• Sanitization ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???
  ???????? (???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????).
• Biocide / ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???
• Bacteriostasis ?????? ?? ???????? ??????
• Bacteriocidal ??????? ??????? ???

4
????? ?????? ???????? (?? ?? ??)

• ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????
• 1. ???????? ???????
• 2. ????? Chemotherapeutic
• 3. ????????
• 4. ?????????
• 5. ???????

5

• ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????

Figure 7.1a
6
????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????

• ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? 1. ???????
  ?????? ??????? 2. ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
  (peptidoglycan ????) 3. ??? ????? ??????
  (??????????) 4. ??? ???????? 5. ?????? ??
  ???????? ???????????

  ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????????
?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????
7
????? ???????? ???????? ?????????

• ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????.
  ????? ???? ????? ??????? (TDP) ???? ????
  ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? 10 ?????.
  ????? ??????? ????? (TDT) ???? ?????? ?? ?????
  ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????
  ?? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ????? (DRT)
  ????? ???? 90 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????

8
??????? ??????

• ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????
• ????? ?????? ??? ????

Figure 7.2
9
????? ???????? ???????? ??????????

• ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????
  ?????? 63 ???? ????? ???? 30 ?????. ????? ?????
  ????? ???? ???? pasturization72 ???? ????? ????
  15 ?????. (????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????).
  ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? 140 ???? ?????
  ?lt1 ????? Thermoduric ???????? ????? ??? ???
  ??????

10
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????

• ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????
  ????? ????? ?????? ??????

?????? ?????? ??????????
????? ?????? 170 ? ? 2 ???? 121 ? ? 15 ?????
11
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????

• ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???
  ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? Lyophilization
  ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????
  ????? ???? ????? ????? plasmolysis

12
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????

• ????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
  ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???. ??????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????
  (? ?????? ? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????????) ????????
  ??? ?????? (?????? ??? ?????????) (??????????
  ???? ???????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????

13
?????? ????? ????????

• ????? ????? ?antisepsis ????? ???? ???????
  ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ??
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???
  ???? ??????? ?????gt 1. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ????? lt1.

14
????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????

• ????? ???? 1. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???
  ???????? ?????? 2. ??????? ????????? ?? ????
  ???? 10 ????? ??? ???? ????? 20 3. ????? ??? ???
  ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????
  ????????? ??? ??? ??????

15
????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????

• ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????

Figure 7.6
16
????? ????????
??????? Phenolics. ???????? Bisphenols.
Hexachlorophene ? Triclosan ????? ????????
???????
Figure 7.7
17
????? ????????

• Biguanides. Chlorhexidine
• ????? ?????? ????????

18
????? ?????????

• ????????. ?????? ????
• ????? ???????
• ?????? ??????? ????? hypochlorous (??? ?? ?? ??)

19
????? ?????????

• ??????. Ethanol , isopropanol
• ????? ????? ????????? ??????? lipids
• ???????? Denaturation ????? ??? ethanol / ???????
  ???? ??????? ????? ethanol ???? ????? ??????.

Table 7.6
20
????? ?????????

• ??????? ???????. ??? Hg? Cu
• ??? Oligodynamic (i ,e ?? ?????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ????).
• ????? ????? ????????.

21
????? ?????????

• ???? ?????? ??????? ??? Surfactants

??????? Degerming
??????? anionic ???????? ????????
?????? ???????? Quarternary ??????? Cationic , disrupt plasma mBactericidal, Denature proteinsembrane
22
????? ?????????

• ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???
• ??????? ???????
• ????? ?????
• Sorbic ????? , benzoic ????? ??????? propionate
• ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????
  ???????
• ??????? ???????? ???????? endospore
• ???????? ???????. ??????? Nisin ?natamycin
  spoilage ??????

23
????? ?????????

• ???????????
• ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????
  ????????? (- ?? ??? 2, - ??? , ?? ?? ?? ??? ,
  ?? ???)
• Glutaraldehyde , formaldehyde

24
????? ?????????

• Sterilants ??????
• ????? ????? ????????
• ????? ??????? - ????? ?????? ?????

25
????? ?????????

• Peroxygens
• ????? ???????
• ?? 3, ??? 2 ?? 2, peracetic ????

26
??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????
Figure 7.11
27
????? CharactMicrobial ????????? ? l
Chemical agent Effectiveness against Effectiveness against
Endospores Mycobacteria
Phenolics Poor Good
Quats None None
Chlorines Fair Fair
Alcohols Poor Good
Glutaraldehyde Fair Good