Parasitology

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Parasitology
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• Parasite,,, organism that dependent on other
  organism for all part of life cycle and metabolic
  requirements..
• Parasitism relationship between parasite
  benefits and host provides the benefit.
• Definitive host,,
• Intermediate host

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• Life cycle of parasite
• Direct life cycle
• Indirect life cycle..

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Transmission of parasites

• Water, food-borne..
• Vector-borne
• Sexual transmission
• Skin penetration

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Diagnosis

• Depending on the parasitic disease
• Examination of faecal,,,E.histolitica..
• Examine of urine.
• Examination of blood..
• Examination of skin lesion.leishmania

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Entamoeba histolytic

• Transmitted by faecal oral rout,,,,infected
  cysts ingested in food, water or hand
  contaminated with
• faces.
• Direct life cycle.
• Amoebic dysentery

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Giardia lamblia

• Transmitted by faecal oral.
• Cussed disease giardiasis ..
• Abdominal pain ,,sever diarrhea.
• Vomiting ,,weight loss.

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Trichomonas vaginalis

• Live in vaginal cavity and
• urethra,,,where multiply when PH4
• Male is the most important transmitter of the
  infection

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Malaria

• Transmitted by the bite of an infected female
  anopheles mosquito.
• Sporozoite contained in the saliva of the
• mosquito.
• Transfusion of infected blood..
• Indirect life cycle..
• Plasmodium falciparum,,
• P. malariae.,,quartan,,
• P.vivax.,,benign tertian
• P.ovale,,,oval tertian

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leishmania

• Transmission by an infected female sand fly.

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toxoplasma

• Parasite cusesdToxoplasma gondii
• Congenital during pregnancy.
• Toxoplasmosis..

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Helminthes

• Multicellular worm,, dont multiply in human
  host.
• Tape worms.Taenia species
• Echinococcus granulosus
• Taenia,,,
• Taenia saginata,,,beef tapeworm
• Taenia solium,,,pork tapeworm
• Transmits by eating raw meat ,,,larva

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echinococcus granulosus

• Caused Hydatid disease,,,,
• Silent for years

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nematodes

• enterobius vermicularis
• Intestinal initiation around the anus,..the eggs
  are deposited on the anal .
• trichuris trichiura

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ascaris lumbricoides largest round worm)

• Ascariasis
• malnutrition

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ancylostoma duodenale

• Filariform larva penetrate the skin,,,
• Person barefoot on infected ground