Title: ????
1???? ????????????
2??????????
- ??????,????
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32009???CHINET??????
- ????14???????43670?
- KB???,CLSI 2009?????
- G 29, G- 71
? ??,?????????? 2010
4????
G- (71 ) ???????ESBLs??
???????????
(????????) G(29) ???(MRSA
MRSE),PISP,??? ????? ????
52009?CHINET????
MRSA ?52.7, ???? 8.5,
22.9 ??? SMZ-TMP???????65.2?72.2 M
RCNS ?71.7 ??????
????????????/??????????89 ? 66 ?
65.2?66.7 ???? PSSP ??95???68.9 .?????8/10
PISP ??3.8???17.5 .?????1/10
PRSP ??1.3???13.7
.?????1/10 ??? ???? 46.8 ???? 42.6,
??10.6
6MRSA
7???????????
?? ?? ??? ?G ????????? ?? ???
????????? ????? ?? ????????? (MRSA??)
???? SMZ-TMP ?????
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8???G?????
-
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???? ???? - ??G??? ? ?? ??,? ?MRSA??
- ???(-)
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??,??? - ?CSF ??? ??? ?
? - T1/2(h) 6 6 47
14 - ?? ?? ???? ????? ??
- ????
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?? - ???? ? ? ?.IM.
?.PO.??
9????Linezolid
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- ???MSS?MRS?????,???????,?????????????
- ??????50S??,?????
- ?????
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10?ESBLs????
- ???ESBLs?????????
- 2008 56.2, 43.6
- 2009 56.5, 41.4
- ?????????????ß-???????????
11?????ESBLs??2009
- ???? 56.5
- ?? 41.4
- ???? 16.0
12E.coli/ELBLs
13ESBLS?????
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- ????
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14??????????
- ?ESBLs?????????
- ????????????,????????
- ??????????????????????
15?????????????
40
40.1
33.60
33.70
35
32.20
30
30
28
25.60
25.10
28.60
23.60
25
23
20
15
10
5
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2008
5702
6502
5152
5089
4805
5515
7101
9395
9725
11606
25184
??????(??)
1369
1661
3273
1461
1632
1215
1171
2028
3028
3905
10319
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16????????
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?? ?? ?? ??/? ??/? 30.5 19.7 20.3 29.1 18.2 50.0 57.7 56.2 - 49.0 23.6 - - 11.1 - - - - - - - - 15.1
????
17????????
?? ?? ????? ???
??/?? ??/?? ???? ?? SMZ /TMP 24.1 41.1 14.8 23.9 - 58.5 - 49.4 63.0 - 13.9 - - - 16.8 - - - - 13.2
18??????????
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0???????????? 2011??????????????????
21??? 2009 38???
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222011???????????????????(4.18.)
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232011???????????????????
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24????????????(????????????2011?75 ?)
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34?????
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35?????
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365?????????????
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G G- ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?
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??
40??????
- ?? ?? ?? ?mg/L ??? ?????
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- ?6 ?? 0.5 15?18 95 10
- ??? ??(???) 0.5 18 85 20
41?????
G ????gt?? G- ??lt??lt?? ???????????????? ?? Cef
uroxime ???????? ?? Cefotian ??? ?? Cefamandole ??
??
42??????
- ?? ??g ?mg/L ??? ????? T1/2,hr ???
? ? - ??? 0.5 7-12,???5 52 30-50 1.2-1.6
90 ?????? - ? ? 0.5 12.4,??6.3 90 25 0.5-1
50-60 ???,??? - ?? 0.5 11.2 90 40 1.45
76 qd,bid??
43?????
???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ???? ?? ?? ?
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? ? ???? ???
44????????????
?? ?? ?? ??
?? ?? ??????????? Ceftizoxime (1.41.9h) ?? ?? ???????,?????? cefpirmide ?? ?? ?????????????, Cefodizime CD4?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????,?????? Cefmenoxime ?? ?? ??????????? Ceftizoxime (1.41.9h) ?? ?? ???????,?????? cefpirmide ?? ?? ?????????????, Cefodizime CD4?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????,?????? Cefmenoxime ?? ?? ??????????? Ceftizoxime (1.41.9h) ?? ?? ???????,?????? cefpirmide ?? ?? ?????????????, Cefodizime CD4?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????,?????? Cefmenoxime ?? ?? ??????????? Ceftizoxime (1.41.9h) ?? ?? ???????,?????? cefpirmide ?? ?? ?????????????, Cefodizime CD4?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????,?????? Cefmenoxime
45???? cefepime
- ??,??,?????
- ???b-??????,????,????
- ???,?????????( I ??)???
- T1/2b 2h,?????lt5
- ??24g,?2?
- ???????????(G-?ESBLs)????
46????????????
?? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ? (mg) (mg/L) (h) ???
??? 100 1.11 1.5 0.9 30-33 ??? 500 4.11 4 2.2-2.8 45-51 50 ?? 200 9.9-11.6 1.7-2.6 2.0-3.0 60-70 75-90 ?? 200 1.74 3.7 1.7-1.8 26-33 gt36 ??? 400 3.72-4.5 2.5-2.9 2.4-2.8 24-32 50 ???? 3mg/kg 0.5-2.45 2-4 1.1-1.17 13-34 40-52 ?? 200 2.6-2.9 3-4 3.0 16-21 40-52
47???? ???? ???? ????
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48??? ??? ?????
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49???
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- ???? Cefmetazole
- ???? Cefotetan
- ???? Cefbuperazone
- ???? Cefminox
- ??????ESBLs?????
- ????????????
50?????
????????
???? Moxalactam ???? ???? Flomoxef
????? ??????
51?????
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52?????
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Meropenem ??? - Imipenem
???? Panipene -
Biapenem -
- G
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?? - ???
- ????
53????????????
???? Imipenem ???? Ertapenem
?G????? ????G-?? ?????? T ½,h ????? ???? 1 ??? 1.5 4.34.6 ?? 0.5
54?????
????? ???? ????
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??????
55?????
??? ?? ?? ???? Netilmicin ??(??) ????
Amikacin ???? Sisomicin ???? Isepamicin ??(??) ?(?
?) ????
56??? ????
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57?????
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5816??
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59 ??? ???? ???? ????
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60?????
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61???
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62????
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?? ??????(??) ??????B
?????? ??????(V)
???? ????
????
???(????)
????
63???????
??? ???? ????
???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?CSF ????? ???? ? ???? ?? gt90 ???????????,???? ?????,??? ?? ?? ??? ????? 55 ????,??????,???? ????? ??? ? ?? ? 96 ???????????????? ????,????????
64????
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65????????
G- G
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3.7 ?? ?? ? ???? ??
3.8 ?? ? ? ??? ?? 5.6 ?? ? ?? ????
?? 2.6 ? ??
66? ? ? ? ?
67?????
- ???? Lomefloxacin
- ????????
- T1/2b 7h
- ?????,????
- ???? Fleroxacin
- ?????????????????
- T1/2b 10-13h
- ??????(gt0.4)
- ???? Rufloxacin
- ??,????
- T1/2b 35h
68?????
- ???? Tosufloxacin
- ?G?(??MRSA) ???(??????)
- ?G-?????
- ?????, T1/2b gt3h
- ???? Sparfloxacin
- ????
- ????(????????)???
- T1/2b 18-20h
- ?????
69? ? ?
- ????????????????
- ???? grepafloxacin
- ???? frofafloxacin
- ???? gatifloxacin
- ???????????????????
- ???? moxifloxacin
- ???? gemifloxacin
- Du6859a
70???????????
????
??
71????????????
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???? O
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???? d
???? d
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- ????????????????MRS/?????????????
Maryam Behta et al . The New Fluoroquinolones A
Review of Their Properties
73???? TRUST 11 (2007)????????
??????? N LVX CIP AMP CRO CAZ DOR IPM PTZ GEN SXT
?????? 324 96.0 94.4 13.6 96.0 96.6 99.4 99.4 98.1 96.9 97.5
????? 457 94.3 93.4 28.4 91.9 90.2 100 100 91.9 94.5 86.7
?????? 1207 93.3 92.2 4.3 95.8 95.7 99.6 99.8 94.4 95.5 89.9
????? 530 88.3 86.4 12.8 75.5 73.8 99.1 100 80 90.9 83
????? 1724 80.5 79.9 51.1 96.1 96.7 99.9 100 95.5 91.4 73.7
?????? 624 78.4 72.6 80.6 99.7 99.7 98.6 100 100 90.5 74.8
?????? 866 68.8 70.8 0 22.6 86.7 87.4 82.6 89.8 87.8 13.6
LVX ????? CIP ???? AMP ???? CRO ???? CAZ ????IPM ???? PTZ ????-???? GEN ???? SXT ????
5732 isolates were tested from 45 geographically
distributed sites. Moxifloxacin was not tested
against Enterobacteriaceae as there are no CLSI
breakpoints for moxifloxacin.
74FDA?????????
??? ?????
CAP 500 mg 7-14d
CAP(PRSP/MDRSP) 500 mg 7-14d
CAP(?????) 750 mg 5d
???????(???) 750 mg 7-14d
?????????? 500 mg 7d
????? 500 mg 10-14d
????? 750 mg 5d
?? SSSI 500 mg 7-10d
?? SSSI 750 mg 7-14d
??UTI??????? (cUTI ? AP) 750 mg 5d
????????? 500 mg 28d
LEVAQUIN (levofloxacin) Tablets/Injection and
LEVAQUIN Prescribing Information.
75???
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77?????
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79????????????????????????????
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81????
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82??????????
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- (?)????????????30?????,?????????????????
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- (?)????????????75?????,??????????????,???????????
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83????
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84????
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85??????
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87??????????
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88??????
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89?????
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90??
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????????,???????,???5000 ??????????,???
????????? - ???????????????????????????????????????
- ?? ????? ????????,??????????????????????????
- ?? ????? ?????????????,???????????????????
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91??
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92??
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- ????????,???????????????? ?????
???????,??????????????????? - ??????????
931.1.???????????
????? ?????????????????????????????
94???????????
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95?????????
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961.2.?????????
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97????
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??????????? ??????? HIV???? HIV???
981.3.??????
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99????????????
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100????????????
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101????????
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- ???2???????????0.6
- ????2????????????,???????????????
102?????????????
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1032.??????? ????
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104???? 1
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105???
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106???
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???? ??10ml??
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107????
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108???????????
- ????????????????????????/?????(???),??????????????
???? - ??????????????80
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109???? 2
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110??????????
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WBC????????
111????????
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112???? 3
- 2. 3 . ???????
- ???? ????
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113?????????????
?????? ??????? ????(??????)???? ??FQ AM/CL??????TMP/SMZ
?????? ???? ?? ???????????????APpen?FQ TC/CL?AM/SB? PIP/TZ?????
????????? ????(????)??????????? TMP/SMZ-DS?FQ ???????????????TMP?AM/SB????
????????? STD???? ????? ???? ????
????????? ??(??3?) ????????? ???TMP/SMZ???? ???TMP/SMZ????
??????? ????????????????? ????????????? ???????PIP/TZ?IMP?MER ???FQ???(??????????)
????? ??? ??????? ???????
????? ?? ???????????? ???????,???????????????????TMP/SMZ?? ???????,???????????????????TMP/SMZ??
????? ?????,??? ?????? ??????MP/SMZ-DS?? ??????MP/SMZ-DS??
114??????????????
???? ????? ??????????????
?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (1)????(?????????) (2)????(????) (3)????? (4)??????????? (5)??????(????????????)
?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? (1)???????(???????? ???????)????????? ? (2)ß-????/ß-??????? (?????/?????????/???)?????????? (3)??????
115??????????????
???? ????? ??????????????
???????????ICU??? ?????? ??????? ????(?????)? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (1)????????????????????????? (2)?????????? (3)????ß-????/ß-???????(?????/?????????/???)?????????????? (4)???????????????????????
116??????????????
???? ????? ??????????????
???ICU????? A?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (1)???????????????????? (2)????????????????? (3) ????ß-????/ß-??????? (?????/?????????/???) ?????????????? (4)???????????????
B?????????????? A???????????? (1)??????????ß-??????(???????????????/?????????/??????????????)???????????,?????????????? (2)??????????ß-????????????????? (3)??????????????????????
117???????????HAP??
- ???HAP
- ??????,?????(??5??????4?),?????,??????,??????
??? - ??HAP
- 1.????
- 2.????gt30?/min
- 3.PaO2lt60 mm Hg,????????
- 4.??lt90/60 mm Hg
- 5.????????????,???48 h?????50
- 6.????lt20 ml/h,?lt80 ml/4 h,??????????????
- ?????(??gt5??????gt4?)????????,???????????????,?????
118 ???HAP
- ??????????????????????????????????????(MSSA)?
- ??????????(?????????????????????)???,?????ß????/ß
??????????????????????????????
119 ??HAP
- ????????????????????????(MRSA)????????????????
- ????????????????????????
- ??????????????
- ß????/ß???????
- ?????????
- ???????????????
- ?????????(??MRSA)
1203. ?? ??????
- ??????
- ????????????
- ?????
121?????????
- ??????? ???? ???? ???????MRSA,MRCNS
? ????? ???? SMZ/TMP - ?ESBL????? ????? ??????? ???
- ???????? ??????????????
- ???????? ??/?????/???????
- ????(PDR) ????
122???G?????
-
- ???? ????
???? ???? - ??G??? ? ?? ??,? ?MRSA??
- ???(-)
????? - ???
- ?? ? ? ???
??,??? - ?CSF ??? ??? ?
? - T1/2(h) 6 6 47
14 - ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??
- ????
- TDM ??? ??? ??
?? - ???? ? ? ?.IM.
?.PO.??
123?????????
124????
? ???????????????? ??? ???????SMZ?TMP?? ?? ???????
???????? ? ????????? ??? ??????,????
????
125 ????CSF????
-
- ?????? ???? ????
CSF????? - CSF??gtMIC CSF???MIC
CSF???MIC -
- ?
? ?
??? - SD
??,?? ??
?? - TMP
???? ??
?? - ???? ??
?
?? - ???? ??
??
?? - ???? ??
???
?? - INH
?? (gt0.8/d)
???? - ??? ??
??B - ????? ??
- ???
??? - 5FC
???? - ??? ?
-
???? - ?? ??
-
??
126??????
- ??????,?????????
- ??????????????
- ????????????????
- ???????????????????????
127?????
- ???? ????
???? - ??
Meropenem ??? - Imipenem
???? Panipene -
Biapenem -
- G
- ????
- ????
- ???
- ????? ?? ??
?? - ???
- ????
128????????????
?? ?? ???????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????B???????? ?????????????????????? ???????
?????????????(??????),???????????????????????SMZ?TMP????????? ????????????? ??????
???????????????????5FC????? ????? ????,????????,????,?TDM
????????????????? ????
129???????????
?? ?? ?????
??????? ?????????????? ????(???????????) ????? ?????
????????????????? ???????? ?????5FC????? ???????? ???????
??????????? ????? ????
??????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ????
1304. ???????
131????????(PAE?)
- ß-????
- ?????(???)
- ??
- SMZ-TMP
- ????Linezolid
132??Tid??
4 3 2 1 0.5 0
???? (mg/ml)
????? PRSP (1 ug/mL) ??????? MSSA
(1ug/mL)
????? (0.25 ug/mL)
?????? (lt0.016 ug/mL)
0 2 4 6 8
12 16 20
24 hrs
Serum level Interview form in Meiji Seika MIC90
Clinical isolates from 11 Asian countries
ST16, ISAAR 2005
133????????
134????????
135????
- ??????????,?????????
- ???????????,???2?
- ???????????????????????
- ?????????????,??????????
- ?????????????
1365.??????????
- ?????????????????
- ????????????
- ????????????????????????????????
- ?????????????????????
137?????????
- ??????,????
- ??????????,??
- ?????????,????
- ?????????,??????
- ??????????
138??????
- ???????????????????
- ??????????????????????????
- ???????,??????????????,???????
- ???????????,????????
139??????
140- ??????
- ??????
- ?6?II?12? ??????
- ???????
141? ?