Hello!

1
Hello!

• Welcome to our unit on the Civil War!
• Please pay attention and take good notes.
• Everything you see on these slides is fair game
  for a quiz/test or other assessment.

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Student Taught!

• Students in each class will research and present
  a major part to the class.
• YOU will be the experts!
• You will have access to this PowerPoint and other
  resources.
• You will plan and practice your presentation in
  class, then teach the class on another day.
• You will receive a formative grade for your part
  in the presentation.
• You will be responsible for the information given
  in ALL OTHER presentations.
• Each student will receive a Civil War Summary
  Grid to help you study for the summative test.
• The summative test will be Wednesday, December
  15.

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The Civil War

• April12, 1861( Fort Sumter)-April 9, 1865
  (Appamattox) The war lasted 3 Years, 362 Days

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Part One

• The Leaders and Major Players

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• Sam Houston
• Was governor at the time the Civil War began.
• Tried unsuccessfully to persuade Texans to stay
  in the Union.
• To secede from the Union would cause war. If you
  go to war with the United States, you will never
  conquer her, as she has the money and the men. If
  she does not whip you by guns, powder and steel,
  she will starve you to death. It will take the
  flower of the country-the young men

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• Abraham Lincoln
• 16th President
• Elected in 1860
• His election caused the South to secede
• Republican
• Against Slavery
• Assassinated on April 15, 1865, six days after
  the end of the Civil War

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• Jefferson Davis
• President of the Confederacy
• Democrat
• Supported Slavery

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• General Ulysses S. Grant
• Head of the Union Army during the Civil War
• Defeated the South
• Later became President of the United States

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• General Robert E. Lee
• Leader of the Confederate Army
• Surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox
  Courthouse on April 9, 1865

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Part One Activity

• On your Civil War Summary page, list the major
  figures of the Civil War, and then describe what
  they did during that period of history.

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Part Two

• The Battles

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Major Civil War Battles in the U.S.
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• Major Civil War Battles in the U.S.
• Ft. Sumter Gettysburg
• Bull Run Chattanooga
• Monitor -v- Virginia Shiloh
• Antietam Vicksburg
• Fredericksburg New Orleans

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• Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter, a federal fort located in Charleston
  Harbor, refused to surrender to the Confederates.
  
• President Lincoln made the decision to resupply
  the Fort, so the Confederacy decided to assault.
• On the 430 A.M. on the 12th of April 1861, the
  Confederates opened fire. The Civil War was
  officially on.

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• Bull Run
• Union troops led by General McDowell advanced to
  where Confederate troops were dug in, blocking
  the road to Richmond, VA.
• Neither Confederate nor Union troops were ready
  for battle. (They both could have used Sam
  Houston here, huh?)
• Union troops advanced on Confederate troops,
  almost breaking through, but at the last moment,
  Confederate reinforcements arrived on the
  battlefield.
• Union troops were easily defeated.

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• Vicksburg
• By 1863, the Confederate hold on the Mississippi
  River was limited to Vicksburg and Port Hudson.
• In a daring move, U.S. Grant, commanding the
  Union forces, sent his troops past Vicksburg and
  landed to the south of the city.
• Grant's troops then defeated the Confederate
  forces in five separate engagements.
• After a 6 week siege, Confederate forces
  surrendered.

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• Gettysburg
• The Battle of Gettysburg took place around this
  small Pennsylvania town.
• In the first day of the battle, Confederate
  troops forced Union forces back, but lost many
  men. The second day, Confederates unsuccessfully
  attacked heavily fortified Union positions.
• The third day, Lee's forces attempted to attack
  the Union Center. The attack was called
  "Pickett's Charge". Less than half of the men
  involved in the charge returned.
• Gettysburg was the last time the Confederates
  attempted an attack on Union soil.

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• Major Civil War Battles in Texas

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• Galveston Island
• At GALVESTON ISLAND, Texans tried to retake the
  island from a Union blockade.
• They were successful, and maintained control of
  it until the war ended.
• This allowed supplies brought by boat to make it
  into Texas throughout the Civil War.

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• Sabine Pass
• September 8, 1863, a Union flotilla (group of
  boats) of four gunboats and seven troop
  transports steamed into Sabine Pass and up the
  Sabine River.
• Fort Griffin's small force of 44 men forced the
  Union flotilla to retire and captured the gunboat
  Clifton and about 200 prisoners.
• The Confederates won the battle.

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• Battle of Palmito Ranch
• On May 11, 1865, Union soldiers attacked
  Confederate outposts and camps.
• The Rebels hammered the Union line with
  artillery.
• The Texas Confederates attacked at Boca Chica at
  400 AM, on the 14th.
• The Confederates won.
• This was the last battle in the Civil War.

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Part Two Activity

• On your Civil War Summary page, list the major
  U.S. battles, then list AND describe the three
  Texas Civil War battles.

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Part Three

• Effects of the Civil War On Texas

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• Because no major battles were fought in Texas,
  the state did not suffer widespread destruction.
• The pain of the war was still felt, though, as
  many Texans left to fight.
• Shortage of supplies made life here difficult.

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• An estimated 55,000 Texas men died during the
  Civil War.
• Causes were battles, disease, exposure,
  starvation, heat stroke, and murder.

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• During the war, cotton either did not sell, or
  could not be exported.
• Local farmers began to grow wheat and corn to
  feed themselves and support the needs of the
  Confederate soldiers.

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• Slavery/Refugees
• During the war, many slaves from the North were
  sent to Texas to avoid having them freed as the
  Union Army worked its way South.
• Thousands came, often with their owners.
• The Texas Population swelled with UNHAPPY
  refugees.

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• Other Hardships
• Due to blockades, shoes and clothes could not
  reach the stores, so homemade clothes were used.
  (What if YOUR mom made ALL of your clothes by
  hand?)
• Medicine and hospital supplies were sent to the
  battles, so Texans used home-grown herbs instead.
• Paper was in short supply-ALL kinds. (Think about
  itYep Even THAT kind.)
• Coffee was very hard to get, so Texans ground up
  ACORNS and CORN to brew as hot drinks.
• Sugar was scarce, so locally-harvested honey was
  used in its place.

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• The Effect On Families

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Part Three Activity

• On your Civil War Summary page, list and describe
  the ten major effects of the Civil War on Texas.

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Part Four

• U.S. Reconstruction

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13th, 14th , 15th Amendments

• 13th Abolished Slavery in the United States.
• 14th Gave citizenship to all people born or
  naturalized in the United States.
• 15th Gave African American MEN the right to
  vote. (Thats right ladiesNO woman-white or
  African American- could vote)

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• Emancipation Proclamation
• This decree freed all slaves in all Confederate
  states.
• Texas did not consider themselves to be under
  U.S. rule at this time, so they ignored the
  proclamation.
• On June 19, 1865, Union forces forced Texas to
  accept the new law, effectively freeing all
  slaves on that day.
• This day is now celebrated as Juneteenth in Texas.

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Freedmens Bureau

• Created by the U.S. Congress to help newly freed
  slaves adjust to free life.
• It provided food, shelter, and medicine.
• Helped people find jobs.
• Helped them in court as the slavery argument
  continued.
• Created schools for African Americans.

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Johnsons Plan For Reconstruction

• Andrew Johnson became president after Abraham
  Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
  only days after the Civil War ended.
• Johnson was a Democrat who had supported the
  Union and also slavery.
• His plan had four parts
• States had to end slavery.
• States had to declare their secession as an
  illegal act.
• States had to cancel all war debts.
• Adult white males had to pledge loyalty to the
  U.S. to get the right to vote.
• He also called for a new constitutional
  convention.

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• Pre and Post-War Currency
• After Secession, the Confederacy printed its own
  currency.
• After the Civil War, that currency was worthless.
• During the war, prices for most goods
  sky-rocketed. In the South
• CW-One dozen eggs 6.00
• Today- 1.00
• CW-Gallon of milk 48.00
• Today-3.00
• CW-Pound of coffee12.00
• Today-4.00

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Part Four Activity

• On your Civil War Summary page, describe the
  items listed.

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Part Five

• Texas and Reconstruction

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Texas Constitution of 1866

• A series of Amendments.
• Ended slavery in Texas.
• Refused to adopt the 13th Amendment, making
  slavery illegal in the U.S.
• Also denied civil rights to African Americans.
  (Right to vote, etc.)

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Black Codes

• Texas enacted Black Codes.
• Made African Americans second-class citizens.
• African Americans were not allowed to vote, hold
  public office, or serve on a jury.

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• Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
• An organization whose aim was to restore
  Democratic control of the South and keep slavery
  intact.
• Used violence and terrorism as their tactics.
• They were unsuccessful in keeping former slaves
  from registering to vote.

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Texas Constitution of 1869

• Declared the Constitution of the United States
  the law.
• Did away with Black Codes.
• Accepted the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments.
• Texas is readmitted to the Union on March 8, 1870.

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Texas Constitution of 1876

• Took away some of the power of the office of the
  governor and legislature.
• Set aside land grants for public education.
• Provide homestead and railroad grants.
• Still stands as our current constitution.
• Has been amended over 400 times!

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Part Five Activity

• On your Civil War Summary page, describe the
  items listed.

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http//www.whiteheaddna.com/miltry_recs/cvlwar/mil
_cvlwar_map.html