Indian Nationalism

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Indian Nationalism Decolonization
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1858

• British take political control of India

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Causes of Indian nationalism

1. discontent with British rule
2. India unified
3. leadership
4. common language
5. new print culture
6. nationalist orgs.

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Political Nationalism

• desire for ? political freedoms
• suffrage
• ? Indians in government
• independence

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Cultural Nationalism

• development of Indian cultural identity
• rewrite histories
• Hinduism
• math/sciences
• art

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Indian National Congress

• 1885
• 1st Indian elite only
• 1920s mass movement (Gandhi)
• moderate
• constitutional methods

• Alan Octavian Hume, founder of Indian National
  Indian National Union, which became INC

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Swadeshi Movement

• early 1900s
• Swadeshi ones own country, self-sufficiency
• boycott British goods
• Indians produce own goods
• nationalist education
• nationalism mass movement

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Muslim League

• 1906
• seek Muslim political rights

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah leader of Muslim League,
  founder of Pakistan, and first Governor-General
  of Pakistan

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Gandhi (1869-1948)

• leader of INC, 1920s-1930s
• nonviolence (satyagraha)

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Chronology - early life training for his future
role

• 1869 born in Gujarat
• 1888-1891 study law in Britain
• 1893-1899, 1902-1915 fight racism in SA

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Chronology protest against British rule builds
Gandhi becomes Indian leader

• 1915 Satyagraha Ashram
• 1919 Amritsar Massacre
• 1922-1924 imprisonment
• 1924 fast Hindu-Muslim unity
• 1930 Salt March
• January 1948 fast Hindu-Muslim unity
• 1948 assassinated

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Gandhi and followers on the Salt March
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On the beach at Dandi, the end of the Salt March
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Issues in the Indian nationalist movement

• method nonviolence vs. violence
• religion Hinduism vs. Islam
• womens rights
• Q of westernization/modernization

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Independence

• August 14, 1947 Pakistan (Muslim majority)
• August 15, 1947 India (Hindu majority)

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India before (left) and after (right) 1947
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Post-Independence Violence

• Hindu vs. Muslim
• 1 million deaths
• 12 million relocated
• Gandhis fast ? success

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Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)

• 1st PM of India (1947-1964)
• goal modernize India, via socialist economics
  democratic politics